체세포배발생을 통한 오일팜나무(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) 클론의 기내증식 및 RAPD를 이용한 체세포변이의 검정
In vitro propagation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) clones through somatic embryogenesis and analysis of somaclonal variation by RAPD
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본 실험은 오일팜나무에서 somatic embryo mass(SEM)를유도한 후 이로부터 식물체 분화를 통한 클론묘 대량증식 시스템을 확립하고, 기내 배양에 의하여 야기된 체세포변이의 확인 방법을 확립하기 위하여 수행되었다. 오일팜 조직배양묘의 정단 부분을 NaH2PO4･2H2O와 카제인이 첨가된 1/2MS 수정 배지에 배양하여 체세포배성 캘러스를 유도하였다. 유도된 체세포배성 캘러스는 몇 번의계대배양을 통하여 SEM으로 발달하였다. SEM 조직은단단하며, 강하게 붙어있어서 개개의 체세포배를 따로분리하는 것이 매우 어려웠다. SEM 조직을 NH4NO3, 카제인, L-ascorbic acid가 첨가된 MS 수정 배지에 배양하였을 때 신초가 성공적으로 분화하였다. 기내 오일팜나무를 야외로 순화하여 완전한 오일팜나무 클론묘를 획득할수 있었다. 기내 배양묘 중 건강하고 생장이 양호한 신초를 무작위로 95 개체를 선발하여 RAPD 분석을 실시하였다. 총 19개의 random primer를 사용하여 95 개체에 대한RAPD를 수행한 결과, 대부분의 primer에서는 동일한 밴드 형태를 보여 어떠한 변이도 감지할 수 없었다. 그러나, MspI으로 절단된 genomic DNA를 BNR36 primer로PCR을 수행하였을 때, 개체 간 차이를 보이는 밴드 형태를 나타내어 체세포변이를 감지할 수 있었다. 95 개체 중#22, #28, #35, #77 의 4 개체에서 약 1kb 부근의 밴드 하나가 없었으며, 그 중 #28, #35, #77의 밴드 강도는 정상 밴드보다 월등히 강한 것을 확인하였다. NCBI 분석 결과,이 변이 밴드는 오일팜나무의 엽록체 게놈과 관련이 있는
Abstract
This study was carried out to develop reliable systems for somatic embryogenesis in oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), and to verify the somaclonal variants by RAPD analysis. Embryogenic callus was induced successfully on modified half-strength MS medium containing NaH2PO4･2H2O and casein. Embryogenic callus was further developed to somatic embryo mass (SEM), which is very hard and bonded tightly each other. Plantlets were proliferated when SEM was cultured on modified MS medium containing half strength NH4NO3, casein and L-ascorbic acid. Plantlets were transplanted into pots containing artificial soils. When RAPD analysis was conducted using randomly selected 95 in vitro plantlets and 19 random primers, somaclonal variation was detected using BNR35 primer. There was missing band around 1 kb in #22, #28, #35, and #77 plantlets. In addition, bands obtained from #28, #35, and #77 was much stronger than other normal bands. The blast results at NCBI revealed that somaclonal variation observed in this study was related to chloroplast genome of oil palm. The results also revealed that oil palm reproduction system through somatic embryogenesis is quite reliable and early detection of somaclonal variants seem to be possible at in vitro stage by RAPD analysis.
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