王夫之 四書學의 특징과 淸代 實學으로의 전환

Abstract

This study examines the process in which Wang Fuzhi(王夫之)’s Sishuxue(四書學) was created and has transitioned to Shixue(實學) in the Qing Dynasty. With this goal in mind, the study examines the intrinsic relationship between Wang Fuzhi's Shixue and Bentilun(本體論) and reviews the characteristics of Jingshilun(經世論) and self-discipline. The philosophical thought of Wang Fuzhi, a scholar who succeeds from the Ming Dynasty, has a clear purpose. Therefore, his Jingshilun(經世論) is rooted in strong ethnic awareness and has a yearning for building a new nation through studies that has practical contribution to the society (經世致用). Wang Fuzhi felt strong need for a new worldview and completed Qi-monism(氣一元論) by succeeding Zhang Zai’s Qi philosophy(氣哲學). Based on Qi-monism, Wang Fuzhi criticized theories of Song Ming Lixue(宋明理學), Taoism, and Buddhism and attempted to unify ‘Moral(道德) and Jingshi(經世),’ which was age-old unresolved issue of Confucianism. In this process, Wang Fuzhi criticized "existent but immovable universe," the main theory of the Cheng Zhu Lixue(程朱學) and presented a new world view that believes in the "moving universe body". Based on this, Wang Fuzhi completed the new methodology of classical learning(經學) and self-discipline that emphasized actual practice rather than knowledge. The critical mind of Wang Fuzhi, which started from with an aim to reform the reality, eventually developed into Jingshilun(經世論) and self-discipline that emphasized people’s active practice after going through series of criticism of Song-Ming Lixue(宋明理學). From this point of view, Wang Fuzhi's Sishuxue can be argued to be a turning point in the transition to the Shixue of the Qing Dynasty which has heavy emphasis on practicality.