부산진일신여학교와 호주여선교사의 항일정신- 벨라 멘지스․마가렛 데이비스를 중심으로 -

Abstract

At the end of the 19th century, about 20 missionaries from the United States, Canada and Australia, conducted missionary work in Seoul. In 1889, Joseph Henry Davies, Korea's first Australian missionary, had a grand dream of Korean missionary work, but died in less than six months after arrival. Joseph Henry Davies' martyrdom in Korea resonated with Australian Victorians about Korean missionary work. In August 1890, the Presbyterian Church of Australia was established. Under the motto of “Mission work of women for women”, the association decided to send the single female missionaries. This is one of the hallmarks of the Australian Missionary Department. The first selected female mission teachers were Belle Menzies·M, Fawcett and J. Perry. They landed in Busan on October 12, 1891, with Reverend Mackay and his wife. The first charity for Australian missionaries is Myoora Orphanage, and they established Busan Jin Ilshin Wowen's School, the first modern women's education institution in Busan, as the number of orphans increased. At that time, Korea was a patriarchal society, and women who were alienated from education took it for granted. However, founder Menzies argued that wives and mothers must be educated in order for developing the nation, and opened a women's education hall to inspire national consciousness and salvation consciousness by enlightening Korean women. Margaret Davis, who became the principal of Ilshin Girls' School in 1914 and watched the end of the school in 1940, was the nephew of Henry Davis, the first Australian missionary in Korea. Margaret's Korean name “Daemagarye” means that she will replace her uncle Henry Davis' spirit of martyrdom in Korea. When Margaret returned to Australia in 1916 to promote the establishment of Ilshin Girls' Middle School in Busan, she visited the Australian Women's Mission Association and appealed enthusiastically to establish Busan Girls' Middle School. The result was the anti-Japanese demonstrations in the 3.11 demonstration of students at Ilshin Girls' School and Dongrae Ilshin Wowen's School. Students who received new education from Australian missionaries were able to express their beliefs and arguments strongly, and their action was completely different from the female image of Korean traditional society. Australian missionaries, who devoted their entire lives to enlightening Korean women's consciousness, were deported to Australia following the decision to close the school following Japan's refusal to force Shrine Greetings. And the first modern women's education institution in Busan disappeared into history.