비대칭적 한미동맹관계와 한국인의 대미태도: 변화와 분화
Asymmetric Relationship of Korea-US Alliance and South Korean Attitudes toward the United States: Change and Divergence
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과연 ‘친미 대 반미’라는 이분법적 시각이 한국인의 대미태도를 적절히 대변할 수 있는가? 분석에 의하면, 한미동맹의 탈피 및 지속을 주장하는 저항적 태도(반미)와 수용적 태도(친미)는 우리사회의 소수 집단에 불과하며, 오히려 한미동맹의 발전적 수정을 원하는 상호 호혜적 태도와 한미동맹에서 파생되는 국가이익을 최대한 활용해야 한다는 실용주의적 태도가 대다수를 차지하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 한국의 대미태도는 사안에 따라 상이하게 나타나는데, 그것은 산업화와 민주화에 따른 사회구조의 분화와 다원화에 기인하는 것으로 파악된다. 이러한 연구결과들은 한국사회에서 ‘친미반미’라는 이분법적 담론이 더 이상 유효하지 않으며, 한국인들 사이에 보다 균형된 대미태도가 등장하고 있음을 보여 준다.
Abstract
The existing dichotomy of Anti- and Pro-Americanism is the prevalent way to describe people's attitude towards the United States. Our research, however, questions the validity of such prevailing dichotomy in realistically representing people's perceptions given the scope and complexity of Korea and US relations. This research examines South Koreans' attitude toward the US through survey data analysis. Our empirical analysis suggests that, contrary to the conventional wisdom, both anti-American and Pro-American attitudes remain to be insignificant; there are very few people showing these extreme attitudes of defiance and accommodation toward the United States. On the other hand, a reciprocal attitude that demands modification to the current bilateral alliance on a more equal footing and a pragmatic attitude that acknowledges the need of the current alliance with the US for national interests have surfaced as the two most prevailing attitudes toward the US in South Korea. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that South Koreans' attitudes toward the US shows more flexibility depending on the issues, which has been caused by diversifications and divergence within the Korean society as a result of democratization and economic development. Therefore, South Koreans' attitudes toward the US are dynamic and flexible, which can not be sufficiently captured by the existing dichotomy of Anti- and Pro-American discourse.
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