필수설비이론의 동향에 관한 비교법적 검토 - 미국의 주요 사건을 중심으로 -
A Comparative Look at the Essential Facilities Doctrine in the U.S.
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Abstract
A Comparative Look at the Essential Facilities Doctrine in the U.S.Jae-Yeol KwonUnder the essential facilities doctrine, a company which has a dominant position in the provision of facilities which are essential for rivals to use in order to compete should allow them to access to those facilities. This doctrine is developed on the basis of the leveraging theory, tracing back to United States v. Terminal Railroad Association. Since Terminal Railroad Association, this doctrine has been applied to a wide variety of business contexts. Aspen Skiing Co. v. Aspen Highlands Skiing Co. affirmed the judgment of a Section 2 violation where a monopolist ski company discontinued its long-standing practice of cooperating with a competitor to offer a multi-day ski pass. However, the Supreme Court of the United States has never recognized this doctrine. In Verizon Communications, Inc. v. Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko, the Supreme Court ignored the expansive possibilities of Aspen Skiing Co. to function as a case for stare decisis. The Supreme Court’s 2004 Trinko decision took a significantly different view on the refusal to deal, expressing skepticism about the existence of an essential facilities doctrine because monopoly power is “an important element of the free-market system.” The Trinko case suggests that a monopolist's burden to share a certain facilities with a rival may decrease incentives for the monopolist to invest in economically beneficial facilities. Thus, this case tells us that Korea’s governmental authorities and courts should adopt a narrow interpretation of when unilateral refusals to deal are inappropriate.
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