필리핀과 중국의 남중국해 도서 분쟁
A Study on the Dispute over the Spratly Islands between Philippines and China
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초록
중국은 일찍부터 소위 남중국해에 ‘9단선’을 긋고 자국의 해양관할권을 주장하여 왔는데, 국제사회에서 본격적으로 문제가 된 것은 2009년에 말레이시아와 베트남이 공동으로 제출한 대룩붕 외측한계자료에 대하여 중국이 공식적으로 ‘9단선’ 내의 자국의 관할권을 주장한 것이다. 필리핀은 일방적으로 2013년 1월 22일에 남사군도에 대한 영유권 내지 관할권의 귀속에 관한 문제를 1982년 유엔해양법협약 제15장 제2절에 근거하여 동 협약 제7부속서가 정하고 있는 ‘중재재판’에 의하여 해결할 것을 청구하였다. 본 논문은 필리핀이 일방적으로 중재재판을 제소한 것에 대하여 그 법적인 타당한 근거가 있는가를 중심으로 중재재판의 성립가능성에 대하여 분석하였는데, 동 분쟁사건에 있어서 유엔해양법협약 제7부속서에서 정하고 있는 중재재판의 관할권이 성립되지 않는다고 본다. 앞으로, 필리핀과 중국의 도서분쟁은 관련 국가들과 남사군도의 영유권 내지 관할권을 해결할 수 있는 공동관리 등의 평화적인 방법을 도모하는 방향으로 나아가리라고 본다.
Abstract
The nine-dash line that surrounds much of the South China Sea has attracted widespread attention since it was shown on a map attached to China's note verbale requesting the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf not to consider the joint submission of Malaysia and Vietnam. On January 22, 2013, the Philippines initiated arbitration proceedings against China under Section 2 of Part XV and Annex VII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. If all of the states bordering the South China Sea would bring their maritime claims into conformity with the provisions in UNCLOS, it would clarify the areas of overlapping maritime claims. That would, in turn, set the stage for negotiations between the concerned claimant states to reach provisional arrangements for joint development agreements and other cooperative arrangements in the areas of overlapping maritime claims.
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