노르웨이 해양에너지산업 클러스터의 발전을 위한 정부지원정책에 대한 연구
A Study on the Government Policy of Offshore Oil and Gas Industry Cluster in Norway
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초록
우리나라는 조선, 해운, 항만산업을 지역중심으로 연결하는 클러스터를 형성하여 ‘해양산업클러스터의 지정 및 육성 등에 관한 특별법’에 따라 지원하는 정책을 유지하고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 우리나라는 노르웨이, 독일, 영국 등과 같은 해양선진국들이 장소적 집적 뿐만 아니라 지식, 정보, 경험의 공유 및 축적을 통해 고부가가치를 창출할 수 있는 클러스터를 형성하는 것과 차이를 보이고 있다. 특히 노르웨이의 경우 1970년대 자국산업의 부족한 국제경쟁력을 보완하고, 양질의 일자리를 창출함과 동시에 지속가능한 해양에너지자원개발을 통하여 막대한 국가이익을 창출하는 것을 목적으로 해양에너지 산업 클러스터를 육성하였다. 따라서 이 연구는 민간 중심의 소규모 클러스터간의 지식전파가 목적이 아닌 거시적인 측면에서 자국산업의 경쟁력이 확대될 수 있도록 체계화된 모범사례를 법과 제도를 중심으로 분석하였다. 그리고 우리나라에서 계획 중인 해양산업 클러스터의 진정한 발전을 위하여 고려되어야 할 협력부분과 관련하여 노르웨이 해양에너지산업 클러스터의 개요, 소규모 클러스터간의 협력 발전 관계 분석, 정부차원의 법률 및 제도적 지원 방안 등을 중심으로 분석하여 시사점을 도출하였다.
Abstract
Based on the 'Special Act on Designation and Promotion of Maritime Industry Clusters', Korea maintains its policy for supporting its shipbuilding, shipping and port industry by forming a maritime cluster in the regional hub city. Nevertheless, the development of maritime cluster in Korea is still quite different from those of the industrialized countries in the maritime field such as Norway, Germany and the United Kingdom where high added value is created through the sharing and accumulation of tacit knowledge, information and experience as well as location aggregation in maritime clusters. In particular, Norway fostered its offshore oil and gas industry cluster in the 1970s with the aim of supplementing its own industry's insufficient international competitiveness and creating high quality jobs and generating huge national interest through sustainable maritime energy resource development. Thus, this study will focus on law and institutions from the best practices in Norway so that clusters could increase competitiveness of their own maritime industries at macro level, not for the purpose of knowledge transferring between small private clusters. In relation to the areas of cooperation that should be considered for the real development of the maritime industry cluster in Korea, this paper will investigate an overview on the maritime clusters, the analysis of cooperative relational development between small clusters, and the government-level legal and institutional support measures in Norway.
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