히라쓰카 라이초의 모성주의와 전쟁과 평화의 정치학

Abstract

Hiratsuka Raicho, the well-known new woman in modern Japan, constructed maternalism through ‘the debate on maternity protection’ in the Daisho period. Since then her maternalism asserting the maternity of nation-state was practiced to declare progressive women's movement in 1920s. But her maternalism was altered to set up a cooperation in the discourse of militaristic mother, in other words, Chong Hoo Buin that was made for the mobilization of women under the war system in the late 1930s. Ironically, Hiratsuka's maternalism was devoted to place mothers at the forefront of women's peace movement by the ‘Japanese Mothers’ Meeting' in the postwar period. what was difference in the meaning of maternity, war and peace in the frame of her maternalism between prewar and postwar? what was difference in the politics of war and peace of her maternalism between prewar and postwar? In exploring these questions, this study attempted to explore how the cognitive frame of maternity, war and peace had influence on Asia's security and the lives of Asian women. For this study, the qualitative content analysis of research method was used. The result of research was as follows. First, Hiratsuka's maternalism which contained ethnocentric maternalism gave maternity the instinctive power for peace in the 1910s to 1960s. As a result, her maternalism awarded mothers the apostle for Japanese women's peace movement in the postwar period. Second, the Japanese mothers' peace movement of ‘Japanese Mothers’ Meeting' highlighted the victims of war upon mothers. Consequently the Japanese mothers’ peace movement of ‘Japanese Mothers’ Meeting' coverd up the ravages of Asian women who were mistreated during the wars. Third, the spectrum of the concept of peace in the frame of Hiratsuka's maternalism embraced various ideological stripes of pacifism from absence of war at any price to just war for peace. Therefore her maternalism could not acknowledge the Japanese invasion of Asia and Japanese responsibility for the wars of aggression into Asia.