히라츠카 라이초(平塚らいてう)의 섹슈얼리티 담론과 일본군 ‘위안부’ 문제
Hiratsuka Raicho, Discourses of Sexuality and the Japanese Military‘Comfort Women’ Issue
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This research traces the root and background of a discourse that conflates “comfort women” with sex workers and/ or Japanese Prostitutes(醜業婦,fallen women) back to the history of Japanese women's movement. Drawing from The Complete Works of Hiratsuka Raicho, this research focuses on the case of maternal feminism and related discourses of sexuality which was founded by Hiratsuka, a symbolic and representative figure of Japanese women’s movement. This research finds that the discourse of sexuality which was constructed by Hiratsuka’s maternal feminism entailed discursive suturing of internally contradictory values. To put it in other terms, though Hiratsuka did not acknowledge human rights for sex workers, she at the same time retained moralistic paradigm that perceived sex workers as ‘trouble makers’. In so doing, Hiratsuka also put sex workers back into the stigmatized cateory of ‘fallen women’. The basic assumption that underlies Hiratsuka’s understanding of sex workers was that they were ‘the enemy of maternity, a venereal disease’, those who spoiled maternity and family. Accordingly, Hiratsuka highlighted the tragic calamity that a series of wars and venereal diseases inflicted upon maternity, family, children and race. This also led Hiratsuka to practically undo the difference between ‘comfort women’ who were from the Japanese occupied colonies and other Asian countries, those who were forced into this position, and other sex workers who worked in the Japanese state-regulated-brothel. Hiratsuka’s maternal feminism and her understanding of prostitution has resonated to the Japanese women’s movement of the 1990s and after,as it has been divided over the issue of ‘comfort women’. While some assumed progressive stance and others took conservative-right-wing position, the rest simply remained silent.
Abstract
This research traces the root and background of a discourse that conflates “comfort women” with sex workers and/ or Japanese Prostitutes(醜業婦,fallen women) back to the history of Japanese women's movement. Drawing from The Complete Works of Hiratsuka Raicho, this research focuses on the case of maternal feminism and related discourses of sexuality which was founded by Hiratsuka, a symbolic and representative figure of Japanese women’s movement. This research finds that the discourse of sexuality which was constructed by Hiratsuka’s maternal feminism entailed discursive suturing of internally contradictory values. To put it in other terms, though Hiratsuka did not acknowledge human rights for sex workers, she at the same time retained moralistic paradigm that perceived sex workers as ‘trouble makers’. In so doing, Hiratsuka also put sex workers back into the stigmatized cateory of ‘fallen women’. The basic assumption that underlies Hiratsuka’s understanding of sex workers was that they were ‘the enemy of maternity, a venereal disease’, those who spoiled maternity and family. Accordingly, Hiratsuka highlighted the tragic calamity that a series of wars and venereal diseases inflicted upon maternity, family, children and race. This also led Hiratsuka to practically undo the difference between ‘comfort women’ who were from the Japanese occupied colonies and other Asian countries, those who were forced into this position, and other sex workers who worked in the Japanese state-regulated-brothel. Hiratsuka’s maternal feminism and her understanding of prostitution has resonated to the Japanese women’s movement of the 1990s and after,as it has been divided over the issue of ‘comfort women’. While some assumed progressive stance and others took conservative-right-wing position, the rest simply remained silent.
참고문헌 (47)
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