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기업가정신에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 국가 간 비교연구 : 제도이론 관점

A Comparative Study of Countries on the Determinants of Entrepreneurship: A View of Institutional Theory

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초록

기업가정신은 혁신적 창업의 근간으로 고용창출, 사회복지 증진, 국가 경제발전의 향상을 위한 촉매제로서 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 그런데 이러한 기업가정신은 국가에 따라 차이를 보인다. 따라서 기업가정신의 국가 간 차이에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 연구는 많은 연구자의 관심을 받아 왔다. 본 연구에서는 제도이론 관점에서 문화, 규범 등 비공식적 제도 환경과 정치, 경제, 법규 등 공식적 제도 환경요인이 국가별 기업가정신 수준에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 34개 국가를 대상으로 분석한 결과 문화, 규범 등 비공식적 제도 요인보다 법적, 기술적, 정책적인 공식적 제도 요인이 국가 간 기업가정신 수준 차이를 더 잘 설명하는 변수임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 국가 전반에 걸쳐 기업가정신을 고취시키기 위한 공식적 제도적 환경여건 마련의 중요성을 일깨워 준다.

Abstract

Entrepreneurship as a seed of innovative start-up plays a very important role in the field of job creation, social welfare and national economic development. However, there exists a differences in the entrepreneurship across countries. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinants of entrepreneurship across countries with a view of institutional theory and is to provide the policy suggestions. Based upon the analysis of 34 countries, it was found that the formal institutional factors including legal and political system and technological policy play more important roles in differentiating the entrepreneurship across countries than the informal institutional factors including culture and norm do play. These results imply that the government should devote more efforts to build the formal institutional environments for the purpose of promoting and enhancing the entrepreneurship throughout the country.

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