국가별 환경 요인이 기업가정신에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
A study on the influence of environmental factors on entrepreneurship by country
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본 연구는 기업가정신의 고양과 창업 활성화를 위한 환경 조성의 필요성에 대해 고찰하고, 효율적인 국가적, 사회적 지원 방안에 대해 검토하는 것을 목적으로 각 국가별환경(경제 및 비경제) 요인이 기업가정신에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 경제 환경 범주는 수요, 공급, 조세 측면으로 구분한 후 수요는 GDP 성장률 및 정책 금리, 공급은 실업률 및 인구 증가율, 조세는 소득세율 및 법인세율을, 비경제 환경 범주로는 문화 변수와 정부 지원 변수를 독립변수로 각각 선정하였다. 그리고 기업가정신을 나타내는 지표인 초기 창업 활동 비율을 종속변수로 두고 GEM 데이터 등을 활용하여 2001∼2021년중 34개국, 346개의 관측치를 가진 불균형 패널 데이터를 구축하여 다중 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 각 변수들의 기업가정신에 미치는 영향이경제 발전 수준에 따라 다르게 나타난다는 것이다. 둘째, 경제 발전 수준에 따라 기업가정신의 발현 동기가 달라진다는 것이다. 셋째, 창업 관련 정부 지원 정책은 정책 의도와는 다른 결과가 나타날 수 있다는 것이다. 마지막으로 경제 발전 수준과는 무관하게 비경제적 환경인 문화, 사회적 요인이 기업가정신에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과에서 나타났듯이 경제 발전 정도에 따라 기업가정신에 미치는 영향력이 상이하므로 기업가정신 제고를 위해 경제 발전 단계를 감안한 정책적 접근 및 지원이 요구된다. 또한 창업 지원 정책은 시장 조성 역할에 집중할 필요가 있으며, 창업 활성화를 위해 적극적인 창업 문화 조성이 효과적인 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
Start-ups are a means of securing the driving force of the economy in asituation of low growth and discovering industries that will lead to futureindustries. In particular, 'technology-based start-ups', defined as 'start-up in theform of producing and selling products or services by creating a new marketwith innovative technology or new ideas', is known to create greater economicadded value than general start-ups. This paper present an analysis framework toanalyze the national economic spillover effect of technology start-ups andpresent the results of empirical analysis on their effects. An input-outputanalysis was used to examine the economic spillover effect of technology-basedstart-ups, and the magnitude of the economic spillover effect betweentechnology start-ups and non-technology start-ups within a technology-basedindustry was compared. The results show that start-ups within high-techindustry have a high effect on creating added value, which shows that high-techstart-ups can play an important role in creating added value in the futuredigital transformation era. In the case of start-ups within medium high-techindustry, it was found that they play a good role in all aspects of productionspillover effect, value-added spillover effect and employment spillover effect. Inaddition, start-ups in the professional science and technology and businesssupport service industry are shown to have a high effect on creating added value. Through the analysis, various policy implications for customized start-uppolicy were presented in this paper.
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