기업가 정신의 결정요인, 성과와 발현의 인과관계에 관한 연구
A Study on the Relationship among Determinants, Performances and Imparts of Entrepreneurship
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본 연구에서는 2006~2015년간, 140여 개 국가의 약 50여 개 변수를 이용하여 구조분석모형을 통해 기업가 정신에 대한 OECD의 분석틀 즉, 규제체계, 시장조건, 금융접근성, 지식창조 및 확산, 기업가적 역량, 기업가적 문화라는 6개 기업가 정신의 결정요인을 측정할 구성개념과 기업가 정신의 성과 및 발현을 나타내는 변수들의 인과관계를 검증하였다. 첫째, 신생기업의 탄생은 기업가 정신의 발현된 모습으로서 경제성장과 같은 요인들에게 큰 영향을 못 미치는 것으로 보인다. 단기적으로 창업기업의 활성화를 통해 경제성장이나 일자리 창출을 기대하기 힘들다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째 기업가적 역량이 풍부하더라도 이것이 창업으로 쉽게 연결되지 않는다는 점을 발견했다. 셋째, 시장조건은 신생기업의 탄생이나 경제성장이나 일자리 창출에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다는 점을 발견하였다. 시장여건을 나타내는 반독점법 효율성, 노사관계, 사회간접자본, 시장지배력과 같은 요인들이 기업가 정신의 성과와 발현에 매우 큰 역할을 한다는 것을 의미한다. 넷째 기업가적 역량을 키우는 데는 지식의 창조 및 확산이 매우 큰 역할을 하고 있음을 발견하였다. 하지만 이것이 창업으로 연결되지 않는다는 점에서 이들 간 연결고리를 강화하는 것이 필요할 것이란 점을 발견하였다. 넷째, 시장조건에는 규제체계와 금융 접근성이 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 발견하였다. 경제활동의 하부구조를 형성하고 있는 규제체계와 금융부분의 역할이 시장조건의 개선에 큰 영향을 미치고 이것이 바로 창업이나 경제성장에 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다.
Abstract
In this study, we try to examine the relationship among the determinants, performances and impacts of entrepreneurship using structural equation model, which is constructed with 140 countries on about 50 variables during 2006~2015. Our model is based on the so called ‘OECD framework for the study of entrepreneurship’, which specifies the determinants of entrepreneurship with of six components (regulatory framework, market conditions, access to finance, knowledge creation and diffusion, entrepreneurial capabilities, entrepreneurial culture) and the performances of entrepreneurship measures by birth of new firm, employment and wealth, and also the impacts of entrepreneurship measures by economic growth, job creation and poverty reduction etc. Even though the above OECD framework still remains as a conjecture rather than a statistically established methodology, we try to demonstrate the relationship among the determinant, performances and impact of entrepreneurship as a pioneering study in this field.
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