한국과 중국의 초기 문화산업 정책과 경로의존성 문제 연구

Abstract

This paper aims to discover what factors have affected the formation of cultural industry policies in China and Korea. And I stressed that the two countries’ cultural industry policies were formed in the frame of the ideologies and institutions of past cultural policies and strategic industry policies. In terms of cultural policy ideology, China continues to have the ideologies established by Mao Zedong, such as philosophical awareness of culture, national development and relationship with culture, the main agents of cultural policy, purpose, and means, until the 21st century. On the other hand, the successful democratization of Korea served as an opportunity to establish the independence of cultural policies from the public-driven cultural policies of past development-led dictatorships. And this transformation was shaped into an elimination of the laws and regulations for each species in the 1990s. In terms of the cultural policy system, Korea’s shift from public information to cultural center, regulation to promotion, and extension of the cultural ministry’s external extension (integration of culture, media, tourism, and physical education) are represented. China, on the other hand, shows a characteristic of continuing without a big change in terms of its culture, administrative organization and legal system. This ideological and institutional background in cultural policy will have a strong influence on the two countries ’ development of cultural industry policies. ‘Path-dependent’ is more noticeable in the formation of cultural industry policies, especially in relation to the two countries’ strategic industry policies. The way in which Korea promoted its cultural industry strategy was very similar to the policies for fostering heavy and chemical industries or the policies for fostering the information and communication industries. And China’s strategy for fostering the cultural industry is quite similar to its policy on fostering the information industry of the past. This shows that both Korea and China have established cultural industry policies through learning about past successful strategic industry policies. Such similar forms of Korea and China’s cultural industry policies to those of East Asian Development Model, such as the development of heavy chemical industries and the development of the information and communication industries, are seen as the absolute effects of the industry policies that these countries have had in the past.