중국 문화체제개혁의 형성과 구조적 특징

Abstract

This article aims at examining the formation and structural characteristics of the cultural system reform in China implemented on a full scale after the turn of the 21st century. It assumes that since the Chinese economic reform, the change of understanding of the Chinese government over the path of cultural development played a key role in defining the direction and contents of cultural system reform, which was resulted from multiple factors, to be specific, such as the formation and growth of cultural market in China since the 1990s, the influx of cultural products from advanced capitalist countries in the currents of global capitalization and the ensuing crisis of cultural identity, and the need of soft power strengthening in response to economic development and balanced regional development. To specify the characteristics of the cultural system reform in China implemented on a full scale from 2002: First, in the dimension of the subject of reform, it was conducted focusing on three sectors, in cultural undertakings, cultural industries, and cultural institutions. Second, in the dimension of the direction of reform, the existing cultural units had to go through the restructuring process. In other words, the key to reform in this dimension was that the units belonging to cultural undertakings were reset in the direction of improving managerial efficiency,while the units belonging to cultural industries, in the direction of transforming into a form of business organization. Third, in the dimension of method and instrument of reform, the Chinese government established a higher organization to command the reform, and actively made use of policy measures such as the tax services, financial companies, and state firms. And, these characteristics of cultural system reform takes on a pattern quite similar to that in the period of economic development the Chinese government adopted, especially for the promotion of strategic industries. If it's proper or not to apply a formula contrived for economic system reform to cultural system reform may be put up for debate. But it is clear that it worked efficiently at least in the early stage of the Chinese government's schedule. The problem is the challenges to come after the reform, that is, in relation with 'development'. In other words, it remains to be seen what influence the cultural system reform conducted during the past ten years will affect cultural development hereafter and what policy change the Chinese government will go through at the juncture of transition from reform to development. A comprehensive appraisal of the cultural system reform in China with all these points considered will be more objective as well.