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국가별 문화적 차원과 기업가정신의 관계에 관한 탐색적 연구

An Exploratory Study on the Relationship of the National Culture Dimensions with Entrepreneurship

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초록

사회 환경, 특히 디지털 환경의 급속한 변화와 함께 최근 들어 기업가정신은 사회나 기업 입장에서 가장 중요한 항목 중 하나로 인식되고 있다. 물론 기업가정신은 사회 전반적 시스템의 안정화 정도와 성공을 향한 개인의 도전과 확신에 대한 인식의 정도에 따라 영향력을 크게 받는다. 뿐만 아니라 국가별로 많은 차이가 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 즉 국가별 문화적 요인 중 어떤 문화적 기재가 기업가정신과 가장 연관된 관계가 있는지 연구할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 기업가정신과 국가별 문화적 차원이 어떠한 관계를 가지고 있는지를 탐색하였다. 실증분석을 위해 암웨이 글로벌(Amway Global)에서 2013년부터 발표하는 AGER (Amway Global Entrepreneurship Report) 중 2018년 기준으로 경제 규모가 큰 44개국의 국가별 기업가지수를 구성하는 다섯 가지 요인 중 사회 전반적 시스템의 안정화 정도 및 제도 구축과 정책에 관련된 외재가치 요인의 비즈니스 환경(extrinsic factors: business environment)에 대한 설문 결과 및 암웨이 기업가정신 지수(Amway entrepreneurial spirit index, AESI)에 대한 설문 결과를 바탕으로 Hofstede(1984)의 여섯 가지 문화 차원에 대한 국가별 점수를 활용하여 여섯 가지 차원 중 어떤 문화적 성향이 기업가정신과 가장 밀접한가를 알아보았다. 다변량 회귀분석을 통한 분석 결과 권력거리(power distance), 개인주의(individualism), 남성성(masculinity), 장기적 지향성(long-term orientation) 그리고 쾌락추구(indulgence)의 다섯 가지 차원은 비즈니스 환경이라는 기업가정신의 외재가치요인와 암웨이 기업가정신 지수 두 가지와 모두 유의미한 관계를 보이지 않았다. 반면 불확실성 회피성향(uncertainty avoidance)은 두 가지 모두와 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과에 대한 해석, 시사점 그리고 향후 연구방향과 한계점을 논의하였다.

Abstract

Along with the fast-changing social environment, entrepreneurship has been receiving a greater recognition as one of the most critical success factors in light of its social & business impact. Such entrepreneurship is largely influenced by the stability of socio-economic systems and personal drive & conviction towards success. The prevalence & interpretation of entrepreneurship vary across countries, and thus, it is necessary to investigate the associations between the national cultural dimensions and entrepreneurship. Specifically, this study examined which of the Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions has the highest correlation with entrepreneurship, using the country-specific scores based on the survey outcomes on the Extrinsic Factors of Business Environment (i.e., stability of social systems, policies, & regulations) as well as the two variables constituting entrepreneurship indexes for the top 44 economies in 2018 survey of Amway Global. Based on the multiple regression analyses, uncertainty avoidance showed a significantly negative with Extrinsic Factors of Business Environment & Amway Entrepreneurial Spirit Index while none of the remaining five dimensions (i.e., power distance, individualism, masculinity, long-term orientation, & indulgence) had meaningful relationships with entrepreneurship. Considering that it is very critical to promote entrepreneurship in this fast-changing and uncertain business environment, it would be desirable to create a culture and atmosphere with low uncertainty avoidance. at the national and society levels. The interpretation, implications, and future research directions and limitations of the results were discussed.

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