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개인 특성 및 기업가정신이 창업의도에 미치는 영향: 홉스테드 문화특성의 조절 효과를 중심으로

The Effects of Individual Characteristics and Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurial Intentions: Moderating effect of Hofstede's Cultures Dimensions

최지연|오해동|노전표
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)|2016.04|벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)|제11권 제2호|pp. 35-48|DOI 10.16972/apjbve.11.2.201604.35

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키워드

자기효능감Self-Efficacy창업의도진취성ProactivenessEntrepreneurial Intentions내적통제홉스테드 문화특성nternal Locus of ControlHofstede's Cultures Dimensions Theory

초록

기존 연구를 살펴보면, 창업가의 개인 특성과 기업가정신은 창업의도를 결정하는 중요한 요인이다. 그러나 선행연구에서는 개인적 특성을 집중적으로 다루며, 환경적 특성과 같은 외부적 요인을 간과해 온 경향이 있다. 창업결정에 있어 개인적 성향 뿐 만 아니라, 사회적·환경적 요인이 상당히 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 창업 관련 연구 결과의 공백을 메우고자 홉스테드 문화차원 이론을 적용하여, 개인적 특성과 문화적 특성의 조절효과를 연구하였다. 제시된 연구 모형에서 도출된 가설을 검증하기 위하여 실증분석 하였는데, 총 244개의 데이터를 수집하여 구조방정식 모형분석과 다중집단 비교분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 개인특성(내적통제, 자기효능감)은 기업가정신(자율성, 혁신성, 진취성)에 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 홉스테드 문화특성요인 중 불확실성 회피 성향은 기업가정신과 창업의도와의 인과 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과에 기초하여, 이론적. 실무적 시사점을 제시하면, 첫째, 창업에 있어 진취성이 매우 중요한 역할을 한다는 것이다. 따라서 창업관련 교육기관이나 창업매니저들은 창업가들의 진취성을 함양하는 방식으로 교육 커리큘럼을 운영하고, 이에 따라 훈련할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 창업의도를 정확하게 예측하기 위해서는 환경적 변수와 기타 개인적 변수의 상호작용을 함께 분석하는 것이 바람직하다. 마지막으로, 향후 기업가정신 연구에서는 기존에 제시된 기업가정신의 제 요소들을 포괄하여 요인들 간 상관관계를 종합적으로 분석하고, 정보의 중복 없이 효율적인 방식으로 기업가정신을 재조명할 필요가 있다.

Abstract

Individual characteristics and entrepreneurship are important factors to determine entrepreneurial intentions. Despite this, little attention has been given to external factors ,which effects to venture start-up decision. This study examines the relationship between individual characteristics and entrepreneurship by moderating effect of Hofstede's cultures dimensions theory. For this, 244 copies of the questionnaire were empirically analyzed. According to the results of analysis, internal locus of control, self-efficacy were found to have positive effects on autonomy, innovativeness, pro-activeness. In addition, uncertainty avoidance of Hofstede's cultures dimensions theory were found the moderating effects on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions. Therefore, this study suggests theoretical and practical implications, as below, according to the results. Firstly, pro-activeness take a important part on venture start-up. Thus, venture start-up institution and venture managers need to develop "venture education curriculum" that fostering the pro-activeness mind of entrepreneur. Secondly, In order to anticipate entrepreneurial intentions more precisely, analyzing the interaction between environmental variables and individual variables is desirable. Lastly, in the future study of entrepreneurship, the comprehensive analysis of correlation between the factors that including three factors of entrepreneurship is need to be conducted and more effective way of readdressing the entrepreneurship is necessary

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