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예비 창업자의 성격 특성이 몰입과 창업 의도에 미치는 영향

The Effect of personality traits of pre-entrepreneur on commitment and entrepreneurial intention

양동우|조창현
한국창업학회|2022.09|한국창업학회지 (Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity)|제17권 제5호|pp. 177-199|DOI 10.24878/tkes.2022.17.5.177

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참고문헌

키워드

몰입commitmentpersonality traits성격 특성entrepreneurial intention창업 의도예비 창업자Pre-entrepreneur

초록

최고경영자는 회사의 리더로서 회사 내 모든 의사 결정과 활동에 대한 책임을 지며 회사의 전략과 비전을 설정한다. 기업가는 운영 관리자가 될 수도 있고 대부분 회사의 소유자이다. 그러나 기업가의 가장 중요한 역할은 회사의 제품/서비스를 홍보하는 것이다. 기업가의 특성과 기업의 혁신 활동은 관계가 있다. 따라서 기업가는 의사 결정과 회사의 목표에 영향을 미친다. 기업가의 성격 특성, 배경, 경험 및 가치도 창업 기업의 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 하나로 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 예비 창업자의 성격 특성을 바탕으로 개방성, 성실성, 외향성, 그리고 호감성으로 도출하였다. 이러한 예비 창업자의 성격 특성이 계산적 몰입, 감정적 몰입 그리고 창업 의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 파악하고자 한다. 본 연구의 연구 목적을 달성하기 위한 설문조사는 설문조사 전문기관을 이용하였다. 설문조사는 조사의 신뢰성을 위해 창업 교육을 받은 예비 창업자를 대상으로 설문조사가 실시되었다. 설문지는 온라인으로 작성되었으며, 예비 창업자에게 문자로 제공하여 온라인으로 작성하도록 하였다. 설문조사는 2020년 7월 9일부터 11월 20일까지 실시되었으며, 약 500명에게 설문지가 제공되어 410부가 회수되었다. 이 중 불성실한 설문지 3부를 제외한 407부가 본 연구의 분석에 이용되었다. 회수된 설문지의 분석은 SPSS 25.0과 AMOS 25.0을 이용하였다. 분석 결과, 개방성, 외향성, 그리고 호감성은 계산적 몰입에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 성실성은 계산적 몰입에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 외향성은 감정적 몰입에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 개방성, 성실성, 그리고 호감성은 감정적 몰입에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 계산적 몰입과 감정적 몰입 모두 창업 의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 시사점은 첫째, 창업 교육을 하기 위해 먼저 예비 창업자의 성격 특성을 파악할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 개방성과 호감성이 높은 예비 창업자는 계산적 몰입을 위한 프로그램을 개발해야 한다. 셋째, 예비 창업자가 설득력 있게 자신의 의견을 전달 할 수 있는 역량을 개발해야 한다.

Abstract

As the leader of the company, the CEO is responsible for all decisions and activities within the company and sets the company's strategy and vision. Entrepreneurs can also be operations managers and are most often owners of companies. However, the most important role of the entrepreneur is to promote the company's products/services. There is a relationship between the characteristics of an entrepreneur and the innovation activity of a company. Entrepreneurs therefore influence decision-making and the goals of the company. Entrepreneur's personality traits, background, experience and values ​​also play an important role as one of the factors influencing the performance of start-up companies. In this study, the personality traits of prospective founders were derived as extraersion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The purpose of this study is to understand how the behavioral patterns of these prospective founders affect calculative commitment, emotional commitment, and entrepreneurial intentions. For the purpose of this study, a survey specialized institution was used for the survey. For the reliability of the survey, the survey was conducted on prospective entrepreneurs who received entrepreneurship education. The questionnaire was filled out online, and it was provided to prospective founders by text message so that they could fill it out online. The survey was conducted from July 9 to November 20, 2020, and about 500 people were provided with the questionnaire, and 410 copies were collected. Of these, 407 copies were used for the analysis of this study, excluding 3 copies of the insincere questionnaire. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0 were used for analysis of the recovered questionnaire. As a result of the analysis, it was found that openness, extraversion and agreeableness had a significant effect on calculative commitment, but conscientiousness did not significantly affect calculative commitment. Next, extraversion was found to have a significant effect on emotional commitment, but openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness did not have a significant effect on emotional commitment. In addition, both calculative and emotional commitment were found to have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. The implications of this study are first, it is necessary to understand the personal traits of prospective founders in order to provide entrepreneurship education. Second, pre-entrepreneur with high openness and agreeableness should develop a program for calculative commitment. Third, it is necessary to develop the capacity for pre-entrepreneur to convey their opinions persuasively.

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