본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Nuclear Belligerence to Perpetuate Security Dominance

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류정치외교학

초록

This paper aims to examine whether nuclear states are belligerent by using three analytical dimensions which are nuclear asymmetry, enduring rivalry, and major power status. I argue that nuclear states gain an absolute advantage over nonnuclear and tend to perpetuate security dominance by employing military means. My multinomial logit regression analysis using the directed-dyad sample of 1816-2001 reveals that nuclear states are far more likely to initiate threat and use of force against nonnuclear states. In addition, when major powers obtain nuclear weapons, they are more likely to initiate display, use of force, and war against nonnuclear minor targets. Finally, nuclear states are much more likely to initiate display and use of force against their nonnuclear enduring rivals.

Abstract

This paper aims to examine whether nuclear states are belligerent by using three analytical dimensions which are nuclear asymmetry, enduring rivalry, and major power status. I argue that nuclear states gain an absolute advantage over nonnuclear and tend to perpetuate security dominance by employing military means. My multinomial logit regression analysis using the directed-dyad sample of 1816-2001 reveals that nuclear states are far more likely to initiate threat and use of force against nonnuclear states. In addition, when major powers obtain nuclear weapons, they are more likely to initiate display, use of force, and war against nonnuclear minor targets. Finally, nuclear states are much more likely to initiate display and use of force against their nonnuclear enduring rivals.

참고문헌 (84)

  1. Asal, Victor, "Proliferation and International Crisis Behavior", Journal of Peace Research, 44(2), pp.139~155 (2007)
  2. Beardsley, Kyle, "Winning with the Bomb", Journal of Conflict Resolution, 53(2), pp.278~301 (2009)
  3. Beardsley, Kyle, "Nuclear Weapons as Shields", Conflict Management and Peace Science, 26(3), pp.235~255 (2009)
  4. Beaton, Leonard, "The Spread of Nuclear Weapons" (1962), Praeger
  5. Beck, Nathaniel, "Taking Time Seriously:Time-Series-Cross-Section Analysis with Binary Dependent Variable", American Journal of Political Science, 42(4), pp.1260~1288 (1998)
  6. Bennett, D. Scott, "EUGene: A Conceptual Manual", International Interactions, 26, pp.179~204 (2000)
  7. Bennett, D. Scott, "The Behavioral Origins of War" (2004), The University of Michigan Press
  8. Bremer, Stuart A., "Dangerous Dyads: Conditions affecting the likelihood of interstate war, 1816-1965", Journal of Conflict Resolution, 36, pp.309~341 (1965)
  9. Brodie, Bernard, "Changing Capabilities and War Objectives", Bernard Brodie Papers, Box 12, UCLA Library, ~ (1952)
  10. Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, "Measuring Systemic Polarity", Journal of Conflict Resolution, 19, pp.187~216 (1975)
  11. Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, "Systemic Polarization and the Occurrence and Duration of War", Journal of Conflict Resolution, 22, pp.241~267 (1978)
  12. Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, "War and Reason: Domestic and International Imperatives" (1992), Yale University Press
  13. Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, "An Assessment of the Merits of Selective Nuclear Proliferation", Journal of Conflict Resolution, 25(2), pp.283~306 (1982)
  14. Cha, Victor D., "Nuclear North Korea: a debate on engagement strategies" (2003), Columbia University Press
  15. Cha, Victor D., "Nuclear North Korea: a Debate on Engagement Strategies", pp.13~40 (2003), Columbia University Press
  16. Claude, I. L., "Power and International Relations" (1962), Random House
  17. Coale, Ansley J., "Nuclear War and Demographers’ Projections", Population and Development Review, 11(3), pp.483~493 (1985)
  18. Danilovic, Vesna, "When the Stakes Are High: Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers" (2002), University of Michigan Press
  19. DeNardo, James, "The Amateur Strategist: Intuitive Deterrence Theories and the Politics of the Nuclear Arms Race" (1995), Cambridge University Press
  20. Dixon, William J., "Democracy and the Peaceful Settlement of International Conflict", American Political Science Review, 88(1), pp.14~32 (1994)
  21. Dunn, Lewis A., "Controlling the Bomb: Nuclear Proliferation in the 1980s" (1982), Yale University Press
  22. Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede, "Expanded Trade and GDP Data", Journal of Conflict Resolution, 46, pp.712~724 (2002)
  23. Gaddis, J. L., "The Long Peace: Elements of Stability in the Postwar International System", International Security, 10, pp.99~142 (1986)
  24. Gaddis, J. L., "The Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War" (1987), Oxford University Press
  25. Gartzke, Erik, "A Strategic Approach to Nuclear Proliferation", Journal of Conflict Resolution, 53(2), pp.151~160 (2009)
  26. Glaser, Charles L., "Nuclear Policy without an Adversary", International Security, 16(4), pp.34~78 (1992)
  27. Harkavy, Robert E., "Nuclear Proliferation:Breaking the Chain" (1981), The University of Wisconsin Press, Ltd
  28. Hegre, Havard, "Trade Does Promote Peace: New Simultaneous Estimates of the Reciprocal Effects of Trade and Conflict", Journal of Peace Research, 47(6), pp.763~774 (2010)
  29. Hsieh, Alice Langley, "Dispersion of Nuclear Weapons Strategy and Politics", pp.157~185 (1964), Columbia University Press
  30. Huth, Paul, "The Extended Deterrence Value of Nuclear Weapons", Journal of Conflict Resolution, 34(2), pp.270~290 (1990)
  31. Huth, Paul, "General Deterrence between Enduring Rivals: Testing Three Competing Models", American Political Science Review, 87, pp.61~73 (1993)
  32. Huth, Paul, "What Makes Deterrence Work? Cases from 1900 to 1980", World Politics, 36(4), pp.496~526 (1980)
  33. Jervis, Robert, "Cooperation under the Security Dilemma", World Politics, 30(2), pp.167~214 (1978)
  34. Jo, Dong-Joon, "Determinants of Nuclear Weapons Proliferation", Journal of Conflict Resolution, 51(1), pp.167~194 (2007)
  35. Kahn, Herman, "Thinking about the Unthinkable" (1962), Horizon Press
  36. Kang, C. David, "Nuclear North Korea: a Debate on Engagement strategies", pp.41~69 (2003), Columbia University Press
  37. Kaplan, Morton, "System and Process in International Politics" (1973), John Wiley
  38. Klein, James P., "The New Rivalry Dataset: Procedures and Patterns", Journal of Peace Research, 43(3), pp.331~348 (2006)
  39. Kroenig, Matthew, "Nuclear Superiority and the Balance of Resolve: Explaining Nuclear Crisis Outcomes", International Organization, 67(1), pp.141~171 (2013)
  40. Kroenig, Matthew, "The Case for the US ICBM Force", Strategic Studies Quarterly, 12(3), pp.50~69 (2018)
  41. Kugler, Jack, "Parity and War" (1996), University of Michigan Press
  42. Lebow, Richard Ned, "Rational Deterrence Theory: I Think, Therefore I Deter", World Politics, 41(2), pp.208~224 (1989)
  43. Levy, Jack, "Alliance Formation and War Behavior: An Analysis of the Great Powers, 1495-1975", The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 25(4), pp.581~613 (1975)
  44. Liska, George, "Nations in Alliance: The Limits of Interdependence" (1968), The Johns Hopkins University Press
  45. Maoz, Zeev, "Normative and Structural Causes of Democratic Peace, 1946-1986", American Political Science Review, 87(3), pp.624~638 (1986)
  46. Marshall, Monty G., "Polity IV Project: Dataset Users’ Manual", Polity IV Project, ~ (2011)
  47. Mearsheimer, John, "Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War", International Security, 15(1), pp.5~56 (1990)
  48. MccGwire, Michael, "Nuclear Deterrence", International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944- ), 82(4), pp.771~784 (2006)
  49. "Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800-2010, Dataset Users’ Manual" (2011)[URL]
  50. Morgenthau, Hans J., "Politics among Nations: the Struggle for Power and Peace" (1973), A.A. Knopf
  51. Mueller, John, "The Essential Irrelevance of Nuclear Weapons: Stability in the Postwar World", International Security, 13(2), pp.55~79 (1988)
  52. Mueller, John, "What Was the Cold War About? Evidence from Its Ending", Political Science Quarterly, 119(4), pp.609~631 (2004)
  53. Mueller, John, "War Has Almost Ceased to Exist: An Assessment", Political Science Quarterly, 124(2), pp.297~321 (2009)
  54. Mueller, John, "Atomic Obsession: Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al Qaeda" (2010), Oxford University Press
  55. Oneal, John R., "The Liberal Peace: Interdependence, Democracy, and International Conflict, 1950‐85", Journal of Peace Research, 33(1), pp.11~28 (1996)
  56. Organski, A. F. K., "The War Ledger" (1980), University of Chicago Press
  57. Palmer, Glenn, "The Mid4 Dataset, 2002-2010: Procedures, Coding Rules, and Description", Conflict Management and Peace Science, 32, pp.222~242 (2015)
  58. Quester, George H., "Nuclear Proliferation: Breaking the Chain", pp.1~14 (1981), The University of Wisconsin Press, Ltd
  59. Quester, George H., "The Future of Nuclear Deterrence" (1986), Lexington Books
  60. Rauchhaus, Robert, "Evaluating the Nuclear Peace Hypothesis: A Quantitative Approach", Journal of Conflict Resolution, 53(2), pp.258~277 (2009)
  61. Rosecrance, Richard, "Dispersion of Nuclear Weapons Strategy and Politics", pp.48~65 (1964), Columbia University Press
  62. Rosecrance, Richard, "Balancing, Stability, and War: The Mysterious Case of the Napoleonic International System", International Studies Quarterly, 40(4), pp.479~500 (1996)
  63. Sagan. S. D., "The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: a Debate", pp.47~92 (1995), W.W. Norton
  64. Sagan, S. D., "The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: a Debate" (1995), W.W. Norton
  65. Sarkees, M. R., "Inter-State, Intra-State and Extra-State Wars: A Comprehensive Look at Their Distribution over Time, 1816-1997", International Studies Quarterly, 47(1), pp.49~79 (1997)
  66. Schelling, Thomas. C., "The Strategy of Conflict" (1960), Harvard University Press
  67. Schelling, Thomas. C., "Arms and Influence" (1966), Yale University Press
  68. Scott, A. M., "The Functioning of the International System" (1967), Macmillan
  69. Sechser, Todd S., "Crisis Bargaining and Nuclear Blackmail", International Organization, 67(1), pp.173~195 (2013)
  70. Sechser, Todd S., "Nuclear Weapons and Coercive Diplomacy" (2017), Cambridge University Press
  71. Singer, David, "Peace, War, and Numbers", pp.19~48 (1965), Sage
  72. Singer, David, "Formal Alliances, 1815-1939: A Quantitative Description", Journal of Peace Research, 3(1), pp.1~32 (1967)
  73. Siverson, Randolph M., "The Diffusion of War" (1991), University of Michigan Press
  74. Siverson, Randolph, "Alliances and War: A New Examination of an Old Problem", Conflict Management and Peace Science, 8(1), pp.1~15 (1984)
  75. Starr, Harvey, "The Substance and Study of Borders in International Relations Research", International Studies Quarterly, 20, pp.581~620 (1976)
  76. Stinnett, Douglas, "The Correlates of War Project Direct Contiguity Data, Version 3", Conflict Management and Peace Science, 19(2), pp.58~ (2002)
  77. Waltz, Kenneth, "Nuclear Myths and Political Realities", The American Political Science Review, 84(3), pp.731~745 (1990)
  78. Waltz, Kenneth, "The New Order", Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 22(2), pp.187~195 (1993)
  79. Waltz, Kenneth, "The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: a Debate", pp.1~46 (1995), W.W. Norton
  80. Waltz, Kenneth, "Structural Realism after the Cold War", International Security, 25(1), pp.5~41 (2000)
  81. Wright, Quincy, "A Study of War" (1965), University of Chicago Press
  82. Yager, Joseph, "Nonproliferation and U.S. Foreign Policy" (1980), The Brookings Institution
  83. Zagare, Frank C., "Perfect Deterrence" (2000), Cambridge University Press
  84. Zoppo, Ciro, "Dispersion of Nuclear Weapons Strategy and Politics", pp.113~156 (1964), Columbia University Press

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (4건)