고대중국어 ‘名而動’ 구조의 통사구조 재고

Abstract

In modern Chinese, the ‘而’ is generally recognized as a conjunction. However, in the study of ancient Chinese, opinions differ on the part-of-speech of the ‘而’, for two reasons. One is because of the universal connection function of the ‘而’, and the other is because of the special form of the 而-character structure called the “名而動” structure. In the 而-character structure, the semantic relation before and after the ‘而’ indicates ‘承接’, parallelism, transition, assumption, condition, and concession. In the early 而-character structure, the main function of the ‘而’ was ‘承接’, and the rest of the semantic relationships were extended from 承接, and it can be seen as a result of subdivision in various layers. From a higher level, These semantic relationships can be integrated into an action-result structure in a broad sense. You cannot reverse the order of the back and forth, and the focus of meaning is on the after phrase, which is the result. Even in a parallel relationship, if there is a ‘而’, it is appropriate to view it as a gradual parallel rather than a simple parallel. The ‘名而動’ structure can also be said to be a kind of transformational structure that reflects these semantic qualities of the 而. There are three types of ‘名而動’ structure syntactically: ‘述, 而述’ structure, ‘狀, 而述’ structure, and ‘主(+述), 而述’ structure. Here, the ‘而’ still serves as a conjunction that connects and emphasizes the after phrase. In particular, in the structure of ‘主(+述), 而述’, the proper noun or 有指 noun becomes the subject of the topic, and the first predicate is omitted. This can be seen as being caused by the pragmatic reason and the semantic quality of 而-character structure that emphasizes the result rather than the action.