Evaluation report on the causal association between humidifier disinfectants and lung injury
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
OBJECTIVES: As of November 2011, the Korean government recalled and banned humidifier disinfectants (HDs) from the market, because four case-control studies and one retrospective epidemiological study proved the association between HDs and lung injury of unknown cause. The report reviewed the causal role of HDs in lung injury based on scientific evidences. METHODS: A careful examination on the association between the HDs and lung injury was based on the criteria of causality inference by Hill and the US Surgeon General Expert Committee. RESULTS: We found that all the evidences on the causality fulfilled the criteria (strength of association, consistency, specificity, temporality, biologic gradient, plausibility, coherence, experiment, analogy, consideration of alternative explanations, and cessation of exposure), which proved the unknown cause lung injury reported in 2011 was caused by the HDs. In particular, there was no single reported case of lung injury since the ban in selling HDs in November 2011 as well as before the HDs were sold in markets. CONCLUSIONS: Although only a few epidemiological studies in Korea have evaluated the association between lung injury and the use of HDs, those studies contributed to proving the strong association between the use of the HDs and lung injury, based on scientific evidence.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: As of November 2011, the Korean government recalled and banned humidifier disinfectants (HDs) from the market, because four case-control studies and one retrospective epidemiological study proved the association between HDs and lung injury of unknown cause. The report reviewed the causal role of HDs in lung injury based on scientific evidences. METHODS: A careful examination on the association between the HDs and lung injury was based on the criteria of causality inference by Hill and the US Surgeon General Expert Committee. RESULTS: We found that all the evidences on the causality fulfilled the criteria (strength of association, consistency, specificity, temporality, biologic gradient, plausibility, coherence, experiment, analogy, consideration of alternative explanations, and cessation of exposure), which proved the unknown cause lung injury reported in 2011 was caused by the HDs. In particular, there was no single reported case of lung injury since the ban in selling HDs in November 2011 as well as before the HDs were sold in markets. CONCLUSIONS: Although only a few epidemiological studies in Korea have evaluated the association between lung injury and the use of HDs, those studies contributed to proving the strong association between the use of the HDs and lung injury, based on scientific evidence.
참고문헌 (21)
- Lung Injury Investigation Committee, "Report of the incidence of humidifier disinfectant-associated damages", pp.39~ (2014), Han Rim Won Publishing
- Höfler M, "Causal inference based on counterfactuals", BMC Med Res Methodol, 5, pp.28~ (2005)
- Szklo M, "Epidemiology: beyond the basics", pp.155~ (2014), Jones & Bartlett Learning
- Hill AB, "The environment and disease: association or causation?", Proc R Soc Med, 58, pp.295~300 (1965)
- Gordis L, "Epidemiology", pp.248~253 (2014), Elsevier
- Hyun Jung Koo, "Humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury in adults: Prognostic factors in predicting short-term outcome", European Radiology, 27(1), pp.203~211, Springer Nature America, Inc[DOI]
- 이은, "Toxic Inhalational Injury-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease in Children", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 28(6), pp.915~923 (2013), 대한의학회
- Kim KW, "Humidifier disinfectant-associated children’s interstitial lung disease", Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 189, pp.48~56 (2014)
- Hong SB, "A cluster of lung injury associated with home humidifier use: clinical, radiological and pathological description of a new syndrome", Thorax, 69, pp.694~702 (2014)
- Yoon HM, "Humidifier disinfectant-associated children’s interstitial lung disease: computed tomographic features, histopathologic correlation and comparison between survivors and non-survivors", Eur Radiol, 26, pp.235~243 (2016)
- Kim YH, "Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in humidifier disinfectant-associated children’s interstitial lung disease", Pediatr Pulmonol, 51, pp.173~182 (2016)
- Kim HJ, "A cluster of lung injury cases associated with home humidifier use : an epidemiological investigation", Thorax, 69, pp.703~708 (2014)
- Yang HJ, "Inhalation toxicity of humidifier disinfectants as a risk factor of children’s interstitial lung disease in Korea: a case-control study", PLoS One, 8, pp.e64430~ (2013)
- Park JH, "Humidifier disinfectants are a cause of lung injury among adults in South Korea: a community-based case-control study", PLoS One, 11, pp.e0151849~ (2016)
- Park DU, "Relationship between exposure to household humidifier disinfectants and risk of lung injury: a family-based study", PLoS One, 10, pp.e0124610~ (2015)
- Paek D, "Nationwide study of humidifier disinfectant lung injury in South Korea, 1994-2011. Incidence and dose-response relationships", Ann Am Thorac Soc, 12, pp.1813~1821 (2015)
- Park S, "Humidifier disinfectant-associated interstitial lung disease in an animal model induced by polyhexamethylene guanidine aerosol", Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 190, pp.706~708 (2014)
- Nemery B, "Humidifier disinfectant-associated interstitial lung disease and the Ardystil syndrome", Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 191, pp.116~117 (2015)
- "Humidifier fever: a disease to look out for", Br Med J, 1, pp.1164~ (1978)
- Daftary AS, "Inhalational lung injury associated with humidifier “white dust”", Pediatrics, 127, pp.e509~e512 (2011)
- Kim JY, "Acute cardiovascular toxicity of sterilizers, PHMG, and PGH: severe inflammation in human cells and heart failure in zebrafish", Cardiovasc Toxicol, 13, pp.148~160 (2013)