Associations of smoking with overall obesity, and central obesity: a cross-sectional study from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2013)
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
OBJECTIVES: The association between smoking and obesity is a significant public health concern. Both are preventable risk factors of cardiovascular disease and a range of other conditions. However, despite numerous previous studies, no consensus has emerged regarding the effect of smoking on obesity. We therefore carried out a novel study evaluating the relationship between smoking and obesity. METHODS: A total of 5,254 subjects aged 19 years or older drawn from the 2010-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this cross-sectional study. Smoking was examined both in terms of smoking status and the quantity of cigarettes smoked by current smokers. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between smoking and obesity. Overall obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, and central obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥90 cm for males and ≥85 cm for females. We adjusted for the possible confounding effects of age, sex, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and the presence of hypertension or diabetes. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in central obesity according to smoking status was identified. Current smokers were more likely to be centrally obese than never-smokers (adjusted odds ratio,1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.67). However, no significant association was found between smoking and obesity defined by BMI. Moreover, among current smokers, no statistically significant association was found between the daily amount of smoking and obesity or central obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking was positively associated with central obesity. Current smokers should be acquainted that they may be more prone to central obesity.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The association between smoking and obesity is a significant public health concern. Both are preventable risk factors of cardiovascular disease and a range of other conditions. However, despite numerous previous studies, no consensus has emerged regarding the effect of smoking on obesity. We therefore carried out a novel study evaluating the relationship between smoking and obesity. METHODS: A total of 5,254 subjects aged 19 years or older drawn from the 2010-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this cross-sectional study. Smoking was examined both in terms of smoking status and the quantity of cigarettes smoked by current smokers. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between smoking and obesity. Overall obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2, and central obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥90 cm for males and ≥85 cm for females. We adjusted for the possible confounding effects of age, sex, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and the presence of hypertension or diabetes. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in central obesity according to smoking status was identified. Current smokers were more likely to be centrally obese than never-smokers (adjusted odds ratio,1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.67). However, no significant association was found between smoking and obesity defined by BMI. Moreover, among current smokers, no statistically significant association was found between the daily amount of smoking and obesity or central obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking was positively associated with central obesity. Current smokers should be acquainted that they may be more prone to central obesity.
참고문헌 (29)
- Doll R, "Mortality in relation to smoking : 50 years’ observations on male British doctors", BMJ, 328, pp.1519~ (2004)
- Guh DP, "The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight : a systematic review and meta-analysis", BMC Public Health, 9, pp.88~ (2009)
- Janssen I, "Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk", Am J Clin Nutr, 79, pp.379~384 (2004)
- Molarius A, "Smoking and relative body weight : an international perspective from the WHO MONICA Project", J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp.252~260 (1997)
- Dare S, "Relationship between smoking and obesity: a cross-sectional study of 499,504 middle-aged adults in the UK general population", PLoS One, 10, pp.e0123579~ (2015)
- de Oliveira Fontes Gasperin L, "Cross-sectional association between cigarette smoking and abdominal obesity among Austrian bank employees", BMJ Open, 4, pp.e004899~ (2014)
- Chiolero A, "Consequences of smoking for body weight, body fat distribution, and insulin resistance", Am J Clin Nutr, 87, pp.801~809 (2008)
- Clair C, "Dose-dependent positive association between cigarette smoking, abdominal obesity and body fat: cross-sectional data from a population-based survey", BMC Public Health, 11, pp.23~ (2011)
- Wen CP, "Are Asians at greater mortality risks for being overweight than Caucasians? Redefining obesity for Asians", Public Health Nutr, 12, pp.497~506 (2003)
- World Health Organization, "The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment", World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office, 11~12 (2000)
- Craig CL, "International physical activity questionnaire : 12-country reliability and validity", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35, pp.1381~1395 (2003)
- Dvorak RD, "Tobacco use and body mass index : mediated effects through physical inactivity", J Health Psychol, 14, pp.919~923 (2009)
- Schoenberg NE, "Trends in cigarette smoking and obesity in Appalachian Kentucky", South Med J, 108, pp.170~177 (2015)
- Canoy D, "Cigarette smoking and fat distribution in 21,828 British men and women: a population-based study", Obes Res, 13, pp.1466~1475 (2005)
- Grassi G, "Mechanisms responsible for sympathetic activation by cigarette smoking in humans", Circulation, 90, pp.248~253 (1994)
- Direk N, "Short and long-term effects of smoking on cortisol in older adults", Int J Psychophysiol, 80, pp.157~160 (2011)
- Mårin P, "Cortisol secretion in relation to body fat distribution in obese premenopausal women", Metabolism, 41, pp.882~886 (1992)
- Paredes S, "Cortisol: the villain in metabolic syndrome?", Rev Assoc Med Bras, 60, pp.84~92 (2014)
- Facchini FS, "Insulin resistance and cigarette smoking", Lancet, 339, pp.1128~1130 (1992)
- Haj Mouhamed D, "Effect of cigarette smoking on insulin resistance risk", Ann Cardiol Angeiol(Paris), 65, pp.21~25 (2016)
- Björntorp P, "Body fat distribution, insulin resistance, and metabolic diseases", Nutrition, 13, pp.795~803 (1997)
- Frayn KN, "Visceral fat and insulin resistance--causative or correlative?", Br J Nutr, 83(Suppl 1), pp.S71~S77 (2000)
- Tankó LB, "An update on the antiestrogenic effect of smoking : a literature review with implications for researchers and practitioners", Menopause, 11, pp.104~109 (2004)
- Yamatani H, "Sex hormones and physiological function", Nihon Rinsho, 73, pp.565~570 (2015)
- Tchernof A, "Sex steroid hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin, and obesity in men and women", Horm Metab Res, 32, pp.526~536 (2000)
- Chiolero A, "Clustering of risk behaviors with cigarette consumption : a population-based survey", Prev Med, 42, pp.348~353 (2006)
- Strine TW, "Health-related quality of life and health risk behaviors among smokers", Am J Prev Med, 28, pp.182~187 (2005)
- Rosmond R, "Stress-related cortisol secretion in men: relationships with abdominal obesity and endocrine, metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, pp.1853~1859 (1998)
- Paccaud F, "Body mass index: comparing mean values and prevalence rates from telephone and examination surveys", Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 49, pp.33~40 (2001)