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여성기업과 비공식성의 관계에 관한 소고: 라틴아메리카 지역의 특수성을 중심으로

A Study on the Relations between Informality and Women’s Ownership of Firms in Latin America

강영희|정혜윤
한국라틴아메리카학회 (Latin American Studies Association Of Korea)|2016.02|라틴아메리카연구 (Asian Journal of Latinamerican Studies)|제29권 제1호|pp. 161-188|DOI 10.22945/ajlas.2016.29.1.161

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키워드

Latin Americainformalityexit strategywomen-owned firmsinformal competition
주제분류지역학

초록

This study investigates how informality attracts firms, especially those owned by women in Latin America. Informality has been regarded as one of the critical characteristics of the business environment in Latin America. Although the term informality, due to its heterogeneity, has been defined as different things by different people, we adopt the comprehensive definition of informality at the level of firm-unit as well as at the level of employment based on social protection, as has recently been proposed by Ruiz et al. (2015). Previous literature states that informality correlates with low GDP at the macro-economic level and low productivity at the firm-level, such that the types of firms vulnerable with informality are those that look like informal firms. Especially in cases of companies where women participated in ownership, informality has an effect on firm performance. However, little research has focused on the relationship between informality and firm ownership by women and female entrepreneurship. We provide three propositions: 1) women-owned firms in Latin America are more likely to be attracted to the informal sector, based on the pulling-push hypotheses, in comparison with firms owned by men. 2) Informal women-owned firms in Latin America would choose an exit strategy at the time of deciding to switch to the formal sector. 3) Women who are firm owners in Latin America would bear a greater burden of informal competition based on their keener perception of procedural justice, due to the weak and unclear institutional environment and burdensome regulatory process, in comparison with men who are firm owners. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Abstract

This study investigates how informality attracts firms, especially those owned by women in Latin America. Informality has been regarded as one of the critical characteristics of the business environment in Latin America. Although the term informality, due to its heterogeneity, has been defined as different things by different people, we adopt the comprehensive definition of informality at the level of firm-unit as well as at the level of employment based on social protection, as has recently been proposed by Ruiz et al. (2015). Previous literature states that informality correlates with low GDP at the macro-economic level and low productivity at the firm-level, such that the types of firms vulnerable with informality are those that look like informal firms. Especially in cases of companies where women participated in ownership, informality has an effect on firm performance. However, little research has focused on the relationship between informality and firm ownership by women and female entrepreneurship. We provide three propositions: 1) women-owned firms in Latin America are more likely to be attracted to the informal sector, based on the pulling-push hypotheses, in comparison with firms owned by men. 2) Informal women-owned firms in Latin America would choose an exit strategy at the time of deciding to switch to the formal sector. 3) Women who are firm owners in Latin America would bear a greater burden of informal competition based on their keener perception of procedural justice, due to the weak and unclear institutional environment and burdensome regulatory process, in comparison with men who are firm owners. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

참고문헌 (67)

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