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여성창업의 특성 탐색: 창업의도와 창업경험을 중심으로

Exploring Female Entrepreneurship: Focusing on Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurial Experience

임이숙
기업가정신학회 (Academy of Entrepreneurship)|2023.03|기업가정신연구 (Journal of Entrepreneurship Studies)|제4권 제1호|pp. 55-77|DOI http://doi.org/10.22815/JES.2023.4.1.55

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키워드

창업의도Entrepreneurial intention여성창업창업경험Entrepreneurial experienceWomen’s entrepreneurship

초록

본 연구는 창업의도와 창업경험에 초점을 맞추어 여성창업의 특성을 탐색하였다. 기업가정신 실태조사 자료를 이용하여 여성의 창업의도와 창업경험에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악, 비교한 후, 이를 남성과 비교하여 여성창업의 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 특히 기업가정신으로 대표되는 개인의 심리적 요인과 사회 맥락적 요인을 나누어 그 효과를 검증하였다. 이항 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 여성과 남성의 창업의도와 창업경험에 미치는 요인과 그 영향력에는 다소 간의 차이가 있었다. 여성의 경우, 남성에 비해 높은 수준의 기업가적 지향성과 기업가적 역량이 실제 창업으로 이어지는 확률이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 사회 맥락적 요인인 교육수준 역시 여성의 창업의도에는 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으나 창업경험으로는 이어지지 못했다. 향후 연구를 통해 여성의 기업가정신이 실천적 행동으로 이어지지 못하는 이유를 면밀히 파악하고 실무적인 해결방안과 효과적인 정책을 도출하는 것이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

Abstract

This study explores the characteristics of female entrepreneurship by focusing on entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial experience. In specific, this paper identifies the factors affecting women’s entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial experience, and compares them to their male counterpart. By using a nationally representative survey on entrepreneurship, this paper finds that there are gender differences in the factors and their influences on entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial experience. In the case of women, entrepreneurial orientation and competencies are less likely to lead to the actual firm creation. Similarly, the level of education, as a social contextual factor, has a positive influence on women’s entrepreneurial intention, but it does not lead to entrepreneurial experience. Scholarly and practical implications are discussed.

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