과테말라에서의 “인종”(race) 개념에 대한 역사적 고찰
A Study of the Notion of ‘Race' in Latin America: The Case of Guatemala
0
조회
0
다운로드
7
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Abstract
This paper examines the notion of ‘race' in Guatemala. The goal of this paper is to discuss how the notion of race in Guatemala has been shaped in specific sociohistorical conditions since the post-colonial period until now. In the 19thcentury, the nation-state began to be built, accompanied by a new ideology of ‘the national development,' which in general excluded the Maya from the benefits of economic development, but assigned the biological category of ‘race' to the Maya. Racist attitudes have continued forming the dominant ideology of the oligarchy and ladino intellectuals elaborate and transmit a coherent and homogeneous form of ideology that includes their vision of indigenous people. During the popular movements period in Guatmala, the main ideology of the leftist guerrillas was based on class struggles which sought the unification of Indian peasants and ladino workers. The discourse of ‘race' that has been useful to discriminate against Mayan Indians has recently been challenged by Mayan cultural activists' efforts to redefine Mayan Indians as a unified ethnicity. Mayan cultural activists are seeking self-determination, forging a homogenous identity or solidarity as a tool of resisting the dominant. The current movement reflects a change of understanding of identity not just from class-centered as in the guerrilla movement, but also from community-bound ethnicity to the level of ‘Pan-Mayan' identity. In conclusion, the notion of ‘race' that was associated with the identity of the Maya in Guatemala has been invented, redefined, and transformed in specific historical conditions, This study will further our understanding of the notion of ‘race' in Latin America as an ideology and as a social reality.
참고문헌 (31)
- "메스띠소와 원주민 사이에서 멕시코 국민주의와 원주민 종족성", 36(2), pp.3~36 (2003)
- "혁명적＂ 인디헤니스모(Indigenismo ＂Revolucionario＂)의 이념적 성격: 마누엘 가미오(Manuel Gamio)를 중심으로", 19(3), pp.159~194 (2006)
- "엘리자베스 부르고이 정리" (1993)
- "멕시코의 원주민 정책과 종족성 메스티소와 원주민의 관계", 18(4), pp.237~270 (2005)
- "인종화와 종족화 사이의 이중구속 과테말라 마야 인디언의 정체성에 대한 고찰", 11(2), pp.143~172 (2005)
- "Strategies of Ethnic Survival in Central America Nation-state and Indians in Latin America the University of Texas Press"
- "The Poverty of Progress" (1980), University of California Press
- "La Metamorfosis del Racismo en Guatemala" (1998), Guatemala: Cholsamaj
- "The Politics of Maya Revindication", pp.19~50 (1996), Austin: the Universityof Texas Press
- "Ri Maya' Moloj pa Iximulew" (1997), Guatemala: Cholsamaj
- "Ambiguity and Contradiction in the Analysis of Race and the State", 6(2), pp.252~266 (2001)
- "Human Diversity＂ Presented at Race and Human Variation: Setting an Agenda for Future Research and Education" (2004), the American Anthropological Association
- "Maya Cultural Activism" (1996), Austin: the University of Texas Press.
- "Cultural Logics and Global Economies: Maya Identity in Thought and Practice" (2001), Austin: University of Texas Press.
- "The Blood of Guatemala:A History of Race and Nation" (2000), Durham: Duke University Press.
- "Cultural Politics of Identity in Latin America", 26, pp.567~590 (1997)
- "Neoliberal Multiculturalism: The Remaking of Cultural Rights and Racial Dominance in Central America", 28(1), pp.10~28 (2006)
- "Democratizing What?: Some Reflections on Nation, State, Ethnicity, Modernity, Community and Democracy in Guatemala" (2000), University of British Columbia
- "The Persistent Power of ＂Race＂ in the Cultural and Political Economy of Racism", 24, pp.47~74 (1995)
- "Language and Ethnicity: Multiple Literacies in Context, Language Education in Guatemala", 30(1), pp.65~86 (2006)
- "Where Have All the Spaniards Gone' Independent Identities: Ethnicities, Class and the Emergent National State", 6(2), pp.106~133 (2001)
- "The Maya of Guatemala in Historical Perspective", pp.25~57 (1988)
- "La Ptria del Criollo:Ensayo de Interpretacin de la Realidad Colonial Guatemalteca" (1971), Ediciones en Marcha
- "Mandamiento Labor and Commercial Agriculture in Guatemala", pp.99~117
- "The Articulation of Differences: The Literary and Political Discourses of the Interethnic Debate in Guatemala" (1998)
- "Perpetual Creation and Decomposition: Bodies, Gender, and Desire in The Assumptions Of A Guatemalan Discourse of Mestizaje", 4(1), pp.74~111 (1998)
- "A Finger in the Wound: Body Politics in Quincentennial Guatemala" (1999), Berkeley: University of California Press
- "Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview, Third Edition." (2007), Boulder, CO: Westview Press
- "Origins of the national question in Guatemala University of Texas Press", pp.72~95 (1990), in C
- "Indian Blood': Reflections on the Reckoning and Refiguring of Native North American Identity", 11(4), pp.547~576 (1996)
- "Indigenous Movements and Their Critics: Pan-Maya Activism in Guatemala" (1998), Princeton Princeton University Press