최근의 EU 회원국간 양자투자협정과 투자자-국가 분쟁 동향 - Achmea BV v. Slovakia 사건을 중심으로-
Achmea BV v. Slovakia: The End of the Intra-EU BIT and the Investor State Dispute?
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초록
2009년 리스본 조약이 타결된 이후, 유럽연합 (EU)의 공동 통상 정책 (Common Commercial Policy, CCP)은 외국인 직접 투자 (Foreign Direct Investment, FDI)를 포함해서 EU의 독점적 규범 영역 (Exclusive competence)으로 편입되었다. 그러나, EU 역내 국가들 간의 양자투자협정 (BIT)에 대해서 EU 집행위원회는 일단 EU 역내 국가들 간의 양자투자협정은 조속히 폐기되어야 한다는 입장을 고수하고 있다. 그러나 최근에도 EU 회원국들 간의 BIT에 근거한 투자중재가 계속 제기되거나 진행중이다. 2018년 3월 6일의 Achmea BV v. Slovakia 사건에서 EU 사법재판소 (CJEU)는 EU 회원국들간의 BIT와 이에 근거해서 제기된 투자자-국가 중재판정은 EU기능조약상 EU 사법법원에 회부 가능한 예비적 판결의 대상이 되지 않고, EU법에 합치되지 않는다고 판결했으나, 이 판결의 법적 논리 및 정당성에 대한 논란은 계속 진행중이다.
Abstract
After the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty, the European Union’s Common Commercial Policy now belongs to the exclusive competence area of the EU, including the foreign direct investment (FDI) policy. Regarding the bilateral investment protection treaties (BITs) between the EU Member States, the European Commission is of the view that such BITs should be discarded. On March 6, 2018, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) held in the Achmea BV v. Slovakia case that a BIT between the EU Member States, as well as arbitral awards based on that BIT, is not subject to request for preliminary rulings under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), and thus they are not compatible with the EU law. However, the judgment did not silence the controversy. Instead, many people questioned the legal reasoning and the legitimacy of judgment, and therefore the problem is still ongoing.
참고문헌 (11)
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- "Arbitration: The Achmea v Slovakia Judgment of the CJEU, is it really the end of Intra-EU Investment Treaties?"[URL]