우주활동분쟁에 관한 PCA 중재규칙에 관한 소고
A Review of PCA Rules for Arbitration of Disputes Relating to Outer Space Activities
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초록
본 논문에서는 상설중재재판소(PCA)에서 2011년 제정한 ‘우주활동분쟁에 관한 선택적 중재규칙’(Optional Rules for the Arbitration of Disputes Relating to Outer Space Activity)의 구조와 특성 및 주요 내용들을 검토해 보았다. 1950년대부터 시작된 우주활동은 지금에 이르기까지 국제적 특성과 과학기술 발전에 따라 상당한 변화를 겪고 있다. 뉴스페이스와 우주비즈니스는 바로 이러한 변화를 견인하는 핵심적인 요소일 것이다. 그러나 뉴스페이스 우주활동에 따른 분쟁의 다양성과 분쟁 유형별 특징들도 함께 고려되어야 한다. 이는 분쟁해결의 실효성 확보를 통해 우주비즈니스가 유지되고 발전할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 PCA 우주분쟁 중재규칙이 이와 같은 점에서 중요한 입법정책적 의의를 가지고 있다고 파악하였다. 구체적으로 본 논문에서는 우주활동에 관한 국제적 분쟁해결제도에 대해 국제우주법 체제, 국제법협회 협약 초안, PCA 중재규칙 등을 개괄적으로 소개하였다. 이후, PCA 우주분쟁 중재규칙의 편제적 구조와 몇 가지 주요한 내용들을 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 이를 토대로, PCA 중재규칙의 적용상 논점과 본 규칙이 가지고 있는 입법정책적 시사가 무엇인지 생각해 보았다.
Abstract
This paper reviews legal framework, characteristics and main contents of the ‘Optional Rules for the Arbitration of Disputes Relating to Outer Space Activity’ enacted by the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in 2011. Space activities, which began in the 1950s, are undergoing significant changes according to the international characteristics and development of science and technology. New Space and the space business will be the key factors driving these changes. However, the diversity of disputes caused by New Space space activities and the characteristics of each type of dispute must be considered together. This is because the space business can be maintained and developed by securing the effectiveness of dispute resolution. This paper identifies that the PCA Space Dispute Arbitration Rules have important legislative and policy significance in this respect. Specifically, in this paper, the international space law system, the draft convention of the International Law Association, and the PCA arbitration rules were introduced in an overview of the international dispute settlement system related to space activities. Afterwards, it examines that the systematic structure and some major contents of the PCA Space Dispute Arbitration Rules in detail. Based on this, the paper suggests some points of application of the PCA Arbitration Rules and the legislative policy implications.
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