석유 ․ 가스전 방향성 시추의 방향제어 기술개발 동향
Directional Steering Technique Development Trend of the Directional Drilling in the Oil and Gas Fields
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초록
방향성 및 수평시추는 상업적인 비전통자원개발에 있어서 아주 중요한 기술로 자리잡았다. 이러한시추기술을 가능케 하는 방향제어기술은 꾸준히 발전되어 왔다. 1990년대에, 비전통자원개발 현장에서 요구되는 복잡한 시추궤도와 수평 장공시추를 위해 공저이수모터와 RSS를 이용한 방향제어 기술이 도입 되었으며,최근에는 PRSS와 하이브리드 RSS를 이용하는 기술로 발전되었다. 이와 같은 방향제어 기술의 발전으로 수km에 이르는 수평 장공시추가 가능하게 되었으며, 이로 인하여 오늘날 북미의 셰일가스 및 오일 개발이 활성화될 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 방향제어 기술들의 원리와 장단점을 기술발전의 과정과 함께 고찰하였다. 또한각 기술별 적용 시 고려할 점을 살펴보았다.
Abstract
Directional and horizontal drilling has become very important technologies in developing unconventionalresources commercially. Directional steering techniques which enabled directional and horizontal drilling have beenevolved continuously. In 1990s’, bottom hole mud motor and RSS(rotary steerable system) were introduced todeal with very complex drilling trajectory and extended reach drilling for unconventional resources. Recently,PRSS and Hybrid RSS are used for horizontal drilling operation. These advancements in directional steeringtechnique enabled drillers to drill extended reach well of several kilometers, and also vitalized shale gas andoil developments in North America. In this study, mechanical theory and advantages/disadvantages of variousdirectional steering techniques have been examined along with their development history. And also we presentedseveral considerations which could be made when each directional steering technique being used.
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