비전통 자원 Shale play에 대한 물리검층 기술 동향
Unconventional Reservoirs: Review on Geophysical Well Logging for Shale Plays
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최근 전 세계적으로 비전통가스인 세일가스, 치밀가스, 탄층메탄 개발의 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 지난 10여 년간 석유산업은 석유가격과 수요의 급속한 증가와 셰일가스 개발기술의 진전으로 비재래전통 가스개발로 이동하고 있다. 셰일가스의 개발은 기본적으로 가스 생산을 증대시키기 위한 수평시추와 수압파쇄에 의존한다. 그래서 총유기탄소량, 광물구성, 점토 특성, 메짐성과 응력의 분포 등에 대한 이해가 성공적인 수평시추와 수압파쇄의 기초가 된다. 수직 시추공에서의 물리검층, 수평 시추공에서의 LWD/MWD 자료는 세일가스 평가, 수압 파쇄 설계와 수압파쇄 이후의 효율검증에 중요한 역할을 한다. 결론적으로 다양한 물리검층 자료는 셰일가스개발의 의사결정 과정에서 중요한 핵심적인 정보라 할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 북미 지역에서 개발하고 있는 셰일가스 개발 과정에서 적용되는 최근의 물리검층 기술을 소개하며 이들 정보는 셰일가스 개발을 이해하는데 많은 도움이 될 것이다.
Abstract
Recently development of unconventional natural gases such shale gas, tight gas, coalbed methane is becoming important in the worldwide. Over the last decade, the shift of oilfield industry to unconventional plays has occurred as a results of the fast increase of oil and gas price and demand, and advances of development technologies in shale play. Exploitation of shale gas basically depends upon the horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing in order to increase the gas production. Therefore understanding for characteristics including total organic contents, rock mineralogy composition, clay type, brittleness and stress profile etc is fundamental to successful drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Geophysical well logging such as wireline logging in vertical exploration well and LWD/MWD (Logging While Drilling / Measurement While Drilling) in horizontal development well play a important role in evaluating gas shale, design of hydraulic fracturing, verifying the efficiency of post-fracturing. Shortly various geophysical well log data is a key information of decision-making processes in shale play. In this paper, the emerging technologies of geophysical well logging in shale play of North America introduced,and this article is useful to understand the role of geophysical well log in shale play.
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