ROK-Japan Defense and Security Cooperation in the US-ROK-Japan “Virtual Alliance”: Evolution and Prospects
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In recent years, US-ROK-Japan and ROK-Japan defense cooperation have substantially progressed to what can be called a “virtual alliance”(an informal alliance sharing a common ally, the United States) --- a concept developed in the post-Cold War era. This article revisits the “virtual alliance” concept and traces the evolution of ROK-Japan security and defense cooperation in the past decades. It argues that, despite many setbacks, cooperation has made more progress than is generally perceived, due to efforts by track-two actors (e.g., the K-J Shuttle) that have impacted official relations. The relationship is still vulnerable to domestic politics as well as strategic challenges, however. Thus, embedding the “virtual alliance” into national security strategies, exploring further institutionalization, and addressing value and identity issues as two democracies are tasks to build a more resilient relationship.
Abstract
In recent years, US-ROK-Japan and ROK-Japan defense cooperation have substantially progressed to what can be called a “virtual alliance”(an informal alliance sharing a common ally, the United States) --- a concept developed in the post-Cold War era. This article revisits the “virtual alliance” concept and traces the evolution of ROK-Japan security and defense cooperation in the past decades. It argues that, despite many setbacks, cooperation has made more progress than is generally perceived, due to efforts by track-two actors (e.g., the K-J Shuttle) that have impacted official relations. The relationship is still vulnerable to domestic politics as well as strategic challenges, however. Thus, embedding the “virtual alliance” into national security strategies, exploring further institutionalization, and addressing value and identity issues as two democracies are tasks to build a more resilient relationship.
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