코로나19와 세계화에 대한 한국사회의 인식
COVID-19 and Korean Society’s Perceptions of Globalization
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 논문은 코로나19가 향후 세계화에 미칠 영향을 전망해보기 위해 코로나19 이후 세계화에 대한 한국사회의 인식을 분석한다. 특히 코로나19가 야기한 세계화에 대한 위험성 인식의 증가가 향후 세계화에 어떠한 영향을 줄 것인가를 살펴보기 위해서 세계화라는 국제정치경제질서를 지탱했던 세계화의 경제적 효과, 패권국가의 국제적 리더십, 국제기구의 역할이라는 세 가지 영역에서 코로나19가 미친 인식적 변화를 분석한다. 본 논문의 조사에 따르면 코로나19로 인해 전염병 확산이라는 보건안보 위기를 극복하기 위해서는 경제적 피해를 감수하더라도 강력한 방역조치를 추구해야 한다는 인식이 증대하였지만 세계화의 위험성에 대한 인식 증가는 전염병 확산 등의 보건안보 영역에 한정되는 경향을 보였고 세계화 자체에 대한 근본적인 회의론으로는 발전하지 않았다. 하지만 코로나19 이후 미국에 대한 부정적 평가가 증가하면서 1945년 이후 국제질서의 관리에 있어 패권적 리더십을 행사해왔던 미국의 연성권력이 상당부분 약화되었다. 또한 미국의 패권적 리더십을 대체할 수도 있을 거라고 상정되었던 중국의 연성권력 역시 코로나19 이후 심각하게 훼손되었다. 코로나19 이후 미국과 중국의 국제적 리더십이 약화됨에 따라 패권적 리더십이 부재한 상태에서 안정적으로 세계화를 유지할 수 있는 방안은 고안하는 것이 향후 국제경제질서의 중요한 과제로 등장할 수 있다. 이러한 점에서 국제적 교류를 일정정도 차단할 수 있는 권한을 각 국가들에게 보장해주는 국제적 합의를 도출하여 세계화의 안정성을 유지하는 ‘관리되는 세계화’를 형성하는 것이 코로나19 이후 국제적인 쟁점으로 제기될 가능성이 높다.
Abstract
This article analyzes perceptions of Korean society on globalization after the outbreak of COVID-19. In particular, it examines the impact of COVID-19 on Korean citizens’ perceptions of the economic impact of globalization, the international leadership of hegemonic states, and the role of international organizations. A majority of Koreans support strong measures for slowing the spread of COVID-19 even if it could harm international economic activities. COVID-19 has not increased skepticism about economic globalization. In addition, the soft power of the US has been significantly weakened as negative views of the US increased after the outbreak of COVID-19. China is seen as an alternative to US international leadership, but its soft power has also been damaged due to COVID-19. As the international leadership of both the US and China has been weakened, one of the major problems in international relations is maintaining the stability of the globalized economy without hegemonic leadership. As a result, international society needs to construct a ‘managed globalization’ system that aims to maintain the stability of the globalized economy through international consensus.
참고문헌 (37)
- 한국인의 대외 정체성: 세계화와 주요국 및 정책이슈에 대한 인식, "이숙종", EAI, ~ (2020)
- Adler, Emanuel, "Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Politics", European Journal of International Relations, 3(3) (1997)
- Allison, Graham T., "estined for War" (2017), Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
- Blyth, Mark, "Great Transformations: Economic Ideas and Institutional Change in the Twentieth Century" (2002), Cambridge University Press
- Chwieroth, Jeffrey, "How Do Crises Lead to Change?", World Politics, 62(3) (2010)
- Ciuriak, Dan, "Digital Trade in a Post-Pandemic Data-Driven Economy", G20 Insight. October 12, ~ (2020)
- Classens, Stijn, "International Financial Contagion" (2001), Springer
- Drezner, Daniel W., "The System Worked: How the World Stopped Another Great Depression" (2014), Oxford University Press
- Frieden, Jeffry, "Global Capitalism: Its Fall and Rise in the Twentieth Century" (2006), W. W. Norton & Company
- Friedman, Thomas L., "The Lexus and the Olive Tree" (1999), Farrar, Straus and Giroux
- Goldin, Ian, "Covid-19 Proves Globalisation Is Not Dead", Financial Times. August 26, ~ (2020)
- Gramsci. Antonio, "Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci" (1971), Lawrence & Wishart
- Gray, John, "The Era of Globalisation Is Over", New Statesman. September 24, ~ (2001)
- Helleiner, Eric, "The Status Quo Crisis: Global Financial Governance after the 2008 Meltdown" (2014), Oxford University Press
- Hogan, Phil, "Introductory Statement by Commissioner Phil Hogan at Informal Meeting of EU Trade Minister", European Commission, ~ (2020)
- Ikenberry, G. John, "After Victory" (2001), Princeton University Press
- Irwin, Douglas A., "The Pandemic Adds Momentum to the Deglobalization Trend" (2020), Peterson Institute for International Economics
- Jackson, Karl D., "Asian Contagion: The Causes and Consequences of a Financial Crisis" (1999), Westview Press
- Keohane, Robert O., "After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy" (1984), Princeton University Press
- Kindleberger, Charles P., "The World in Depression, 1929-1939" (1939), University of California Press
- Krasner, Stephen D., "State Power and the Structure of International Trade", World Politics, 28(3) (1976)
- Krasner, Stephen D., "Approaches to the State: Alternative Conceptions and Historical Dynamics", Comparative Politics, 16(2) (1984)
- Mackinsey Global Institute, "Digital Globalization: The New Era of Global Flows" (2016), Mackinsey & Company
- Martin, Katie, "Davos 2018: Macron Says Globalisation Facing ‘Major Crisis.’", Financial Times. January 25, ~ (2018)
- Nichols, Michelle, "U.N. Chief Laments Lack of Global Leadership in Coronavirus Fight", Reuters. May 1, ~ (2020)
- Nye, Joseph S., "Soft Power", Foreign Policy, (80), pp.80~ (1990)
- OECD, "Making Globalisation Work: Better Lives for All", Key Issues Paper, Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level (2017)
- Rodrik, Dani, "Globalization Paradox" (2011), W. W. Norton & Company
- Ruggie, John Gerard, "International Regimes, Transactions, and Change: Embedded Liberalism in the Postwar Economic Order", International Organization, 36(2) (1982)
- Silver, Laura, "Unfavorable Views of China Reach Historic Highs in Many Countries" (2020), Pew Research Center
- Smyth, Jamie, "Coronavirus Shortages Prompt Australia to Bring Manufacturing Home", Financial Times. April 15, ~ (2020)
- Soergel, Andrew, "Pandemic Raises Worries over Global Trade’s Future", US News. April 10, ~ (2020)
- The Economist, "The Steam Has Gone Out of Globalisation", The Economist. January 24, ~ (2019)
- Tooze, Adam, "Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World" (2019), Penguin Books
- Wike, Richard, "U.S. Image Plummets Internationally as Most Say Contury Has Handled Coronavirus Badly", Pew Research Center. September 15, ~ (2020)
- Wolf, Martin, "The Rescue of Bear Sterns Marks Liberalisation’s Limit", Financial Times. March 26, ~ (2008)
- WTO, "Trade Set to Plunge as COVID-19 Pandemic Upends Global Economy", Press, 2020