인도주의적 구호활동을 위한 공급사슬설계의 우선순 분석: AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)의 적용
The Priority of Supply Chain Designs for Humanitarian Relief with AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)
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본 논문의 목적은 SCM에 대한 전문지식과 실무경력을 갖추지 못한 구호단체의 관리자들이 인도주의적 구호활동을 위한 공급사슬을 설계할 때 가장 우선적으로 고려해야 될 요소가 무엇인지 그 우선순위를 제시하고자 한다. 문헌조사와 인터뷰를 통해서 공급사슬을 설계할 때 고려해야 될 상위요소와 하위요소를 조사하였고, 계층화 분석법(AHP)을 활용하여 물류전문가와 재난대응전문가의 시각을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 인도주의적 구호활동을 위한 공급사슬을 설계할 때 물류전문가와 재난대응전문가는 공급사슬의 민첩성(Agility)과 효율성(Efficiency)을 가장 중요하게 평가했고, 공급사슬의 투명성(Transparency)은 물류전문가보다 재난대응전문가가 더욱 높은 점수를 부여하였다. 하위요소의 중요도를 분석한 결과 물류전문가는 지역사무소(Local Office)에 의사결정의 권한과 책임을 부여하고 물류기업에 구호물자의 구매와 운송을 위탁할 때 민첩하고 비용 효율적으로 대응할 수 있다고 평가했다. 그러나 재난대응 전문가는 지역사무소에서 구호물자의 구매와 운송이 이루어지고, 구호활동에 참여하는 다양한 주체들과 전략적 파트너십을 맺을 때 민첩하고 비용 효율적으로 대응할 수 있다고 평가하였다. 이러한 분석의 시사점은 예측 불가능한 자연재해가 발생했을 때, 재난지역에서 가장 가까운 지역사무소에 구호활동의 책임과 권한을 부여하고, 지역사무소를 중심으로 구호물자를 구매하고 운송할 때 민첩하고 비용 효율적으로 대응할 수 있을 것이라는 점이다. 또한 구호활동의 운영자금이 정부, 기업, 개인을 통해서 조달되는 만큼 사업의 지속성을 보장받기 위해서는 기부금의 사용내역과 관리에 대한 투명성(Transparency)을 반드시 확보해야 한다는 것이다.
Abstract
In this paper, we tried to draw the priority of the factors to be considered when we design supply chains in humanitarian relief activities. With AHP method, we surveyed the priorities for SCM experts and the administrators of relief organizations. When logistics professionals and disaster experts design supply chains in humanitarian relief activities, they thought that agility and efficiency are the most important factors. The disaster experts gave a priority to transparency than logistics professionals thought. Logistics professionals thought that giving decision rights to local office and outsourcing purchase and transport service from logistics companies are important. However, disaster experts suggest that local office itself should purchase and transport the relief materials for cost efficiency. In addition, for sustainable funding by donation from government, private companies, general people, transparency in management of donations is necessary.
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