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국내 제조업체의 전략적 유연성, 경쟁우위, 성과 간의 관계 : 조정메카니즘의 조절영향을 중심으로

The Relationships Among Strategic Flexibility, Competitive Advantage and Performance in the Domestic Manufacturing Firms : The Moderating Effect of Coordination Mechanism

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초록

본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 전략적 유연성, 경쟁우위, 성과간의 관계에 대한 규명과, 둘째, 조정메커니즘이 전략적 유연성과 경쟁우위간의 관계에서 미치는 조절적 영향, 셋째, 차별화와 비용우위가 성과에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하는데 있다. 구조방정식 분석결과, 전략적 유연성이 경쟁우위를 증대시켜 기업의 성과를 향상시킨다는 가설들이 지지되었으며, 또한 조정메커니즘이 전략적 유연성과 경쟁우위간의 관계에서 조절적 역할을 한다는 가설이 지지되었다. 한편 차별화와 비용우위의 비교분석에서 두 가지 모두를 추구하는 복합전략 기업의 성과가 월등히 우수하였으며, 차별화 기업이 비용우위 기업보다 통계적으로는 유의하지 않지만 성과가 높게 나타났으며, 차별화와 비용우위가 모두 낮은 즉 함정에 빠진 기업의 성과가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 마지막으로 전자산업, 소비재, 산업재와 같이 특정산업별 분석 결과도 본 연구의 결과와 일치하고 있다는 것을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 실무적 시사점은 첫째, 전략적 유연성이 차별화와 비용우위를 동시에 달성할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 전략적 유연성 증대 노력과 더불어 조정메커니즘 강화를 함께 추진해야 경쟁우위를 극대화할 수 있다는 것을 나타내고 있다. 셋째, 차별화와 비용우위 두 가지 모두를 추구하는 복합전략이 가장 효과적이라는 것을 제시하고 있다.

Abstract

The purposes of the present study are, first, to examine the relationships among strategic flexibility, competitive advantage and performance, second, to evaluate the moderating effect of coordination mechanism between strategic flexibility and competitive advantage, and finally to compare the effects of differentiation and cost leadership on performance. The results of structural equation modeling support the hypotheses that strategic flexibility enhances competitive advantage and thus performance. Furthermore, the analysis of the mediating effect demonstrates that competitive advantage fully mediates between strategic flexibility and performance. The analysis of the moderating effect shows that coordination mechanism moderates between strategic flexibility and competitive advantage. In the comparative analysis, the firms pursuing both differentiation and cost leadership enjoy the highest performance. And interestingly, the firms pursuing differentiation show better performance than the firms pursuing cost leadership, even though statistically not significant. And the stuck-in-the-middle firms reveal the lowest performance. Finally, in the industry analysis, the result indicates that the hypothesized structural relationships apply across industries such as electronics, consumer and industrial goods.

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