공로를 이용하는 화주와 트럭운전자의 운송경로 선택 특성 연구
A Study on The Characteristics of Route Choice between Shippers and Truck Drivers using Roads
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본 연구는 유료도로를 이용한 경험이 있는 화주와 트럭운전자를 대상으로 운송경로의 선택 특성을 파악하는 데 초점을 두고 진행하였다. 오늘날 지속적인 화물 물동량의 증가는 급격한 트럭 통행량을 유발시키고 있으며, 이에 따라 화주와 트럭운전자의 통행 특성 연구의 중요성도 지속적으로 제기되고 있다.본 연구는 두 개로 구성되었다. 첫째 부분은 유료도로와 무료도로를 이용한 경험이 있는 화주와 트럭운전자에게 대한 설문이다. 설문결과는 화주와 트럭운전자의 인식과 더불어 유료도로와 무료도로에 대한 각각의 선호도, 그리고 현시선호(RP)자료와 선호현시(SP)자료 등 조사방법에 따라 분류하였다. 두 번째 부분은 화주와 트럭운전자의 특성을 보다 세밀하게 분석하기 위한 행태모형의 추정이다. 행태모형의 결과는 시간가치와 탄력성이며 탄력성을 나타내는 설명변수는 운송비용, 유류비, 통행료, 운송시간, 정시성 등이다.연구의 결과 화주와 트럭운전자의 인식이 다르게 나타났고 이로부터 유료도로를 이용하는 화주와 트럭운전자 사이의 운송경로 선택 특성에 차이가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 그렇지만 두 집단 모두 가장 선호하는 도로는 유료도로로 나타났는데 이는 정시도착이 두 집단 모두에서 가장 중요한 요소임을 보여주었다. 시간가치에 대한 두 집단간의 비교에서 화주의 시간가치가 트럭운전자 보다 높았다. 이로써 화주는 정시성이 보장된다면 보다 많은 통행료를 지불할 용의가 있는 것으로 평가되었다.
Abstract
This research set a focus on the characteristics of route choice between shippers and truck drivers who had experiences using toll roads. These days, the freight movements have largely increased and for that reason the trips of truck have shown steep increment. So the importance of studies on shippers and drivers has continuously increased. The formations of this study are two. First part is composed of survey on shippers and truck drivers using two types of roads: toll roads and toll-free roads. The outcomes of survey were classified and presented according to the perceptions of shippers and truck drivers, the preferences of shippers and truck drivers on toll roads versus toll-free roads and the survey methods such as revealed preference and stated preference. Second part is estimation of behavior models to analysis characteristics of shippers and truck drivers in detail. The outcomes of behavior models were values of travel time and elasticities of independent variables like as transport cost, fuel cost, toll, transport time and punctuality. The result of this research showed that the perceptions between shippers and truck drivers were different, and from this the differences on characteristics of route choice between shippers and truck drivers using toll roads were proven. The favorite road types of two groups were toll roads, which showed reliability of on-time delivery or schedule reliability was most important of all. The comparison between shippers and truck drivers showed that the value of travel time on shippers was more valuable than that of truck drivers, which represented that shippers had willingness to pay more toll for guarantee on schedule reliability.
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