고객만족이 구전커뮤니케이션과 브랜드 태도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 교육서비스를 중심으로
A Study on the Influence of Customer Satisfaction on Word-of-Mouth and Brand Attitude: Evidence from Educational Services
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초록
소비자들이 구매의사결정 과정에서 구전에 크게 의존하는 교육서비스 부문의 경우 대부분의 학자들이 구전의 영향력을 밝히려는 연구에 별로 관심을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 교육서비스를 중심으로 고객만족도가 구전활동에 미치는 영향뿐 아니라 구전활동이 브랜드 태도에 미치는 영향을 동시에 분석해 보고자 하였다. 실증분석 결과 교육서비스에 대한 소비자의 만족도가 높을수록 긍정적 구전활동이 늘어나고 만족도가 낮을수록 부정적 구전활동이 늘어나는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 긍정적 구전활동이 긍정적 브랜드 태도에 영향을 미치고 부정적 구전활동이 부정적 브랜드 태도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 자기지각 이론이 교육서비스 분야에서 구전행동과 태도와의 관계를 설명해줄 수 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 아울러 자기지각 이론이 부정적인 방향(부정적 구전 행동이 부정적 브랜드 태도 형성에 영향을 미침)으로도 적용될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 한편 연구 1의 결과는 고객만족이 긍정적 구전활동에 미치는 효과가 부정적 구전 활동에 미치는 영향보다 강하다는 것을 밝혀주었다. 이러한 결과는 교육서비스의 특성상 나타날 수 있는 침묵 효과와 내적 귀인 경향으로 인해 부정적 구전행동이 억제됨으로써 결과적으로 긍정적 구전행동이 부정적 구전 행동보다 더 강하게 표출된 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 연구 2에서는 자신감, 관여도, 사회적 책임감 등 개인적 특성과 관련된 변수들이 긍정 또는 부정 구전활동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 실증 분석 결과 자신감과 사회적 책임감이 긍정적 구전활동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 부정적 구전활동과 관련된 가설들이 기각된 것은 마찬가지로 수험생 특성상 침묵 효과와 내적 귀인 현상이 작용한 결과로 해석된다.
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on WOM(Word-of-Mouth) in the last few decades, little is known about the relationship among CS(Customer Satisfaction), WOM and brand attitude. In addition, most authors have paid little attention to WOM effects in the educational services area where consumers rely their decision- making largely on WOM. To close this research gap, this study examines not only the effects of CS on WOM but also the effects of WOM on brand attitude, focusing on educational services. The results of STUDY 1 show that CS affects WOM behavior and that WOM behavior affects brand attitude. Academically, this result is meaningful because WOM effects on brand attitude can be explained by the self-perception theory where attitude is judged after behavior, contrary to the classical consumer behavior model. Another interesting finding is that the self-perception theory can be extended to explain behavior-attitude relationship in a negative way (negative WOM affects negative brand attitude), while the theory was usually applied to explain a positive relationship between behavior and attitude. In addition, the findings of STUDY 1 indicate that the positive effects of CS on WOM is stronger than the negative effects of CS on WOM. This result can be explained by the possibility that "mum effect" and "internal attribution“ tendency weakened the negative WOM behavior of consumers. STUDY 2 examines the influence of some individual factors affecting WOM behavior. Among these factors, self-confidence and social responsibility are found to affect positive WOM behavior. The empirical results from this research suggest that marketers in educational services area should pay more attention to the strategies to increase the number of satisfied customers rather than those designed to decrease the number of dissatisfied customers in order to strengthen brand attitude.
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