비구조 문제해결 상황에서 소집단의 크기가 문제해결 성취도 및 집단의 효과성 인식에 미치는 효과
The Effects of Small Group Size on Problem Solving Achievement and Awareness of Group Effectiveness in Ill-structured Problem Solving Situation
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 개인 및 집단 문제해결 상황에서 소집단의 크기(1인, 2인, 4인)가 문제해결 성취도와 집단의 효과성 인식에 미치는 효과를 양적 분석과 질적 분석을 통하여 살펴보는 것이었다. 연구에 참여한 94명의 학부생들은 1인의 개인과, 2인 및 4인으로 구성된 소집단으로 구분되어 제공된 비구조 문제를 해결하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 개인과 집단의 문제해결 상황은 문제해결 성취도에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나 질적 분석결과는 양적 결과와는 달리 집단 문제해결 상황이 더 효과적이라고 학습자들은 인식하고 있음을 보여주었다. 둘째, 소집단의 크기는 문제해결 성취도에는 유의미한 영향을 미치지는 않았지만 집단의 효과성 인식에는 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 질적인 분석결과, 소집단 문제해결 상황에서는 책임감과 역할 분담이 더 막중하여 무임승차효과가 없는 2인 소집단 문제해결이 더 효과적이라고 인식하고 있었다. 끝으로 집단의 효과성 인식은 집단 문제해결을 도움을 주지만 집단의 효과성 인식이 높다는 사실이 문제해결의 성공을 보장하지는 않는다. 왜냐하면 집단의 효과성 인식은 주로 집단 문제해결을 시도하는 구성원들의 정의적 측면에 주로 초점이 맞추어져 있기 때문이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate small group size on problem solving achievement and group effectiveness through both qualitative and quantitative analysis while subjects tried to solve ill-structured problems. Ninety-four college students participated in the study, and they were assigned one of 3 groups consisting of 1 person, 2 persons, and 4 persons. Then, they were asked to solve ill-structured problems collaboratively and to complete the survey questionnaire. The results of the study showed as follows: First, there was no statistical differences on problem solving achievement between individual problem solving and group problem solving. But unlike the result of quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis showed that learners perceived that group problem solving was more effective than individual problem solving. This result, however, needs to be verified through further studies because it conflicted with that of previous studies. Second, the small group size did not affect on problem solving achievement but on group effectiveness statistically. Qualitative analysis supported this result, revealing that learners perceived that groups of two were more effective than groups of four in solving problems because there was no "free-rider effect" and they have bigger responsible role on each member. Finally, group effectiveness is necessary for problem solving, but group effectiveness in itself does not bring the increase of problem solving achievement. According to qualitative analysis, a possible reason for this result could be group familiarity and problem difficulty. It should be noted that group effectiveness is not cognitive variables but affective ones that can facilitate group problem solving.
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