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한국 현직교사들의 ICT 리터러시 구성요인 및 구조 연구: 일반적 인지능력과 기술능력의 관계를 중심으로

Korean In-Service Teachers' ICT Literacy: The main components and the structure of general cognitive and technical capabilities

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주제분류교육학

초록

교사들이 수업에서 ICT를 활용하는데 필요한 능력을 어떻게 규정하느냐의 문제는 교사 대상 ICT 활용 연수 프로그램의 구성에 중요한 문제 일뿐만 아니라, 학생들의 ICT 문해교육에 또한 큰 영향을 미치는 요소가 된다. 그동안의 연구들은 교사들의 기술능력을 ICT 관련 능력의 주요 구성요소로 보아왔었다. 그러나 최근의 정보기술은 교사의 기술능력과 수업을 통합하는 것이 용이하도록 하여주고 있다. 이러한 상황에서는 교사의 ICT 능력을 일반적인 인지능력과 분리하여 보는 것 보다는 이들을 통합하여 보는 관점의 전환이 필요하다. 본 연구는 현직 교사들의 ICT 관련 능력을, 기술능력과 일반적인 인지능력 모두 고려한 상태에서 그 구성요소와 요소간의 관계를 밝힘으로서 보다 합리적인 교사 교육의 방향을 설정하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구대상은 국내 9개 초등, 중등 교사 251명이었다. 연구방법은 그들의 기술능력과 인지능력에 대한 자기효능감을 측정하여 요인분석을 실시하고, 두 능력간의 구조와 관계를 모형화하여 다시 확증적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 한국 현직 교사들의 ICT 리터러시의 구조는 ① 일반인지능력과 ② 기본적 ICT 능력, ③ 수업을 위한 ICT 활용능력, ④ 수업 외 업무를 위한 ICT 활용능력으로 구성된 것으로 나타났다. 내부 구조에서 각 요인별로 중요한 요인을 하나씩만 든다면 각각 ① 문제해결 과정 성찰능력, ② 파일 및 폴더 관리 저장 능력, ③ 프레젠테이션 소프트웨어 및 ④ 스프레드시트 활용능력이었다. 기술능력과 일반인지능력 간의 관계는 서로 통합적인 능력이 아닌, ICT 관련 능력을 구성하는 서로 독립적인 능력이라는 결과가 도출되었다.

Abstract

The components and the structure of teachers' ICT (Information and Communication Technology) literacy is an important concern not only for teacher training curriculum and its effectiveness but also school pedagogy. Previous studies have regarded technical capabilities as a main component of teachers' ICT literacy; however, they didn't recognize the importance of teachers' general cognitive capabilities. The main purpose of this study is to describe the structure of teachers' ICT literacy from the blended perspective of general cognitive and technical capabilities. This research has tried to depict (1) self-efficacy levels, (2) components, (3) structure, and (4) relationships of technical and general cognitive capabilities. Participants were 251 Korean in-service teachers from 9 elementary and middle schools. In order to create a model of teachers' ICT literacy, their self-efficacy of both capabilities were measured and analyzed by exploratory factor analysis. After modeling the structures and relationships of the elements, confirmatory factor analysis was performed. As a result, the ICT literacy turned to be composed of (1) general cognitive capabilities, (2) basic ICT capabilities, (3) ICT capabilities for teaching, and (4) ICT capabilities for general school work in addition to instructional usage. It was also found that general cognitive and technical capabilities were two independent areas of ICT-related capabilities. For future research, a more in-depth study on teachers' general cognitive capabilities, and the transition of teachers' ICT literacy structure from pre-service to in-service are suggested.

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