역할 스크립트의 정도와 학습자 맞춤형 역할 스크립트의 사용이 온라인 비실시간 협력과제 흥미와 학업성취에 미치는 영향
The Effects of the Degree and Customization of Role Script on Learners’ Motivation and Performance in Online Collaborative Learning
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초록
스크립트는 학습자의 행동과 생각을 안내하는 개인 생각의 구조로서, 교육에서는 학습을 진작시키는 외적 스캐폴딩의 개념으로 활용된다. 본 연구는 온라인 비실시간 협력학습 증진을 위해 활용하는 역할 스크립트를 어떻게 활용하는 것이 학습에 가장 효과적인가를 알아보기 위한 연구이다. 이를 위하여 두 번의 실험 연구가 이루어졌다. 실험1에서는 역할 스크립트의 구체성 정도에 따라 세 집단으로 나누고(구체적 역할집단, 포괄적 역할 집단, 비역할집단), 집단에 따라 협력학습의 과제 흥미와 학업성취도를 비교하였다. 그 결과 포괄적 역할 집단이 구체적 역할 집단보다 유의미하게 협력 과제 흥미와 학업성취도면에서 높은 점수를 보였다. 추가적 면담을 통하여 실험 결과에 대한 원인을 파악할 수 있었는데, 학습자들은 자신들의 학습전략과 구체적 역할에서 요구하는 활동이 잘 맞지 않아서라고 지적하였다. 따라서 실험2에서는 학습자들의 학습전략에 기반하여 맞춤형 역할을 주었을 때 그것이 그렇지 않은 경우과 비교해서 효과적인가를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 맞춤형 역할을 준 집단이 그렇지 않은 두 집단에 비하여 과제 흥미와 학업성취면에서 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 인지적 안내를 위해 주어지는 스크립트 역시 다른 교수전략과 마찬가지로 개인 학습자의 특성에 비추어 맞춤형으로 설계되었을 때 더 효과를 발휘할 수 있음을 의미한다.
Abstract
In educational context, scripts are usually used to describe how collaborative learning can be structured or scaffolded for the purpose of promoting group interaction and learning. Typical components of collaborative scripts are roles, sequence, and activities. The purpose of this study was to explore how to use role scripts to enhance learners’ motivation and performance. For the purpose, two times experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, the researcher had examined which degree of role script was more effective in online collaborative learning. Quantitative data reported that the learners in low structured role group showed higher motivation score and performance score than the other groups’ learners. However, qualitative data reported different aspects: the wrong one is not the high structured role script in itself, but arbitrary assignment of role without considering learner’s aptitude. To examine the curiosity, in experiment 2, the researcher designed a customized role script by matching up specific role script with learner’s learning strategies. Then the researcher examined the effects of the customized role script on learner’s motivation and performance in online collaborative learning. The results showed that the customized specific role script was effective in learner’s motivation and performance. At the end of this study, several issues of developing role script were discussed.
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