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문항반응이론을 이용한 원격교육환경에서 사회적 실재감 측정도구의 타당도 검증

A study on validation of social presence scale in distance education using item response theory

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주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 원격교육에서 사회적 실재감 측정도구의 타당도를 검증하고 활용방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 Kim(2010)의 측정도구를 가지고 문항반응이론의 Rasch 모형분석을 실시하였다. 도구는 상호지원 및 집중, 정서적 유대감, 공동체감 및 개방적 커뮤니케이션의 4개 하위영역의 총 19개 문항으로 이루어졌다. 분석 자료는 기존의 국내 5개 사이버대학의 재학생들의 설문을 통해 수거된 유효응답자 492개의 표본을 사용하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 우선, 문항의 적합도 분석 결과 외적합도수가 기준치인 1.50 이상으로 나온 1개 문항을 제거하는 것이 적절한 것으로 판단되었다. 둘째, 기존 도구에서 구인을 측정하는 데 사용된 5점 척도의 유용함을 분석한 결과 각 응답범주가 명확하고 유용하여 5점 척도의 사용이 타당함을 검증할 수 있었다. 셋째, 문항난이도 분석을 통해 개인들의 속성을 모두 측정할 수 있도록 비교적 난이도가 골고루 분포되어 있음을 확인하였다. 다만 개인의 속성 점수가 매우 높거나 매우 낮은 부분을 측정하는 문항들이 중간부분에 비해 상대적으로 적게 분포되어 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 사회적 실재감의 영역별 속성, 변화 양태에 따른 연구와 구체적이고 실천적인 교수법을 제안하는 연구 등 많은 영역과 주제에 본 도구를 활용할 수 있음을 제시하였다.

Abstract

This study is purported to verify the validation of social presence scale and represent its application in distance education. To meet its purpose, this study applied Rasch model based on item response theory to analyze Kim's social presence scale (2010) among others. This scale was composed of 19 items from 4 domains such as mutual attention and support, affective connectedness, sense of community and open communication. The data used in this study was 492 samples valid for analysis that was collected from the students surveyed from 5 cyber universities in Korea. The result of analysis is as following. First, the appropriateness of overall items would be better adjusted with deletion of 1 item. Second, 5 response categories used in the instrument are confirmed to be appropriate to measure individuals' responses. Third, item difficulty analysis showed that items are well distributed to measure overall individuals' attributes but not the ones with very high or low social presence. Based on this result, this study suggested the application of the scale in such a way that it can be used in many studies using 4 domains and developmental attributes of social presence resulted from this study and suggesting specific and practical instructional methods. It is expected that this scale can be elaborated and generated by being used in many forthcoming studies.

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