가상현실 기반 치과 진료 자세 교육 시스템 개발 및 평가
Development and evaluation of a virtual reality system for dental ergonomic training
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초록
본 연구는 치과 술자의 올바른 진료 자세 교육을 위한 가상현실 시뮬레이션을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 치과의사와 치과대학 학생들의 높은 근골격계 질환 발생률로 인해 올바른 진료 자세에 대한 조기 교육의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 기존 교육 방법의 한계를 극복하고자 본 연구에서는 가상현실 기술과 모션 트래킹 기술을 활용하였다. 이를 위해 치석 제거 훈련을 위한 환경을 가상현실로 구현하고, RULA 기반의 자세 평가 시스템과 실시간 피드백 시스템을 통합하였다. HMD와 8개의 모션 트래킹 센서를 활용하여 사용자의 자세를 실시간으로 평가하고 피드백을 제공할 수 있도록 시스템을 구현하였다. 치의학 대학 및 대학원 재학생 36명을 대상으로 한 평가 결과, 시스템의 사용성은 7점 만점에 평균 5.89점으로 높게 나타났으며, 작업 부하 분석에서도 평균 3.14점으로 낮은 인지 부담을 보였다. 효과성 평가에서는 실시간 피드백을 받은 실험군이 대조군에 비해 유의미한 자세 개선을 보였으며, 특히 피드백이 제공되지 않은 마지막 시점에서도 개선된 자세가 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 가상현실 기술을 활용하여 치과 진료 자세 교육의 한계를 극복할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였으며, RULA 기반의 자동화된 평가 시스템을 통해 실시간으로 자세를 측정하고 피드백을 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a virtual reality (VR) simulation system for training proper ergonomic posture in dental practice. With the increasing prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dental professionals and students, there is a critical need for early ergonomic training. To address the limitations of traditional training, we developed a VR-based system that integrates motion tracking technology and real-time feedback mechanisms. The system simulates a dental scaling environment, incorporating a RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment)-based posture evaluation system with immediate feedback. The system evaluation results showed high usability with an average score of 5.89 out of 7, while the NASA-TLX assessment indicated low work load with a mean score of 3.14. In terms of effectiveness, participants who received real-time feedback showed significantly improved posture compared to those in the control group. These improvements were maintained even after feedback was discontinued in the final phase of testing. This research demonstrates how VR technology can enhance dental ergonomic education through automated assessment and immediate feedback, offering a promising approach to prevent musculoskeletal disorders through systematic early training. The findings suggest that VR-based educational simulation can effectively address the limitations of conventional ergonomic training in dental education.
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