El cambio de código entre español e inglés observado en Twitter
Code-switching between Spanish and English in Twitter
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Due to immigration to Latin America from the 19th century, the Hispanic population now makes up a large proportion of the United States. As a result, the use of code-switching between Spanish and English is prevalent. This study aims to investigate code-switching on social networks in the southwestern United States. Conversation on social networks differs a lot from ordinary conversations. Twitter, in particular, tends to be refined and less spontaneous, unlike other media that are spontaneous. However, many studies have only dealt with code-switching in spontaneous situations. However, this study intends to observe code-switching on Twitter using less improvised and refined language. This study collected about 201,000 tweets written in the southwestern United States through a crawling method through the “tweepy” API provided by Twitter. Afterwards, about 899 code-switching between Spanish and English of tweets collected were analyzed. And the analysis results are as follows. First of all, it was largely divided into intra-sentential and inter-sentential code-switching. In the case of intra-sentential code-switching, replacement of simple occurred most frequently, and in the case of inter-sentential code-switching, most often occurred in the form of sentence insertion. This is because the speaker who uses code-switching unconsciously uses it in a way that does not try to violate the grammar of both languages. Considering that Hispanic immigration in the United States has a long history, and the use of Spanish decreases with generations, and the fact that formal education in the United States is conducted in English, many Hispanics in the Southwestern United States are unable to speak both English and Spanish fluently and completely. Therefore, bilingual speakers seem to use a lot of code-switching by word insertion and sentence insertion that can minimize grammatical violation. There are three main reasons for using code switching, and the first is a symbol of intimacy. If the other side to whom the mentions are exchanged seems to mainly speak Spanish, even if the speaker mainly uses English, Spanish code-switching was inserted to express intimacy. Secondly, code switching was inserted for the purpose of arousing attention to emphasize emotional expression, and thirdly, it can be interpreted that the phenomenon of gradually inserting English due to the high linguistic status of English in the United States occurs.
Abstract
Due to immigration to Latin America from the 19th century, the Hispanic population now makes up a large proportion of the United States. As a result, the use of code-switching between Spanish and English is prevalent. This study aims to investigate code-switching on social networks in the southwestern United States. Conversation on social networks differs a lot from ordinary conversations. Twitter, in particular, tends to be refined and less spontaneous, unlike other media that are spontaneous. However, many studies have only dealt with code-switching in spontaneous situations. However, this study intends to observe code-switching on Twitter using less improvised and refined language. This study collected about 201,000 tweets written in the southwestern United States through a crawling method through the “tweepy” API provided by Twitter. Afterwards, about 899 code-switching between Spanish and English of tweets collected were analyzed. And the analysis results are as follows. First of all, it was largely divided into intra-sentential and inter-sentential code-switching. In the case of intra-sentential code-switching, replacement of simple occurred most frequently, and in the case of inter-sentential code-switching, most often occurred in the form of sentence insertion. This is because the speaker who uses code-switching unconsciously uses it in a way that does not try to violate the grammar of both languages. Considering that Hispanic immigration in the United States has a long history, and the use of Spanish decreases with generations, and the fact that formal education in the United States is conducted in English, many Hispanics in the Southwestern United States are unable to speak both English and Spanish fluently and completely. Therefore, bilingual speakers seem to use a lot of code-switching by word insertion and sentence insertion that can minimize grammatical violation. There are three main reasons for using code switching, and the first is a symbol of intimacy. If the other side to whom the mentions are exchanged seems to mainly speak Spanish, even if the speaker mainly uses English, Spanish code-switching was inserted to express intimacy. Secondly, code switching was inserted for the purpose of arousing attention to emphasize emotional expression, and thirdly, it can be interpreted that the phenomenon of gradually inserting English due to the high linguistic status of English in the United States occurs.
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