사회경제적 박탈이 주관적 건강에 미치는 영향 : 시민적 낙관의 매개효과
The Effects of Socioeconomic Deprivation on Self-rated Health : Mediating Effects of Civil Optimism
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초록
사회경제적 요인에 따른 건강불평등은 사회통합을 저해하는 심각한 사회문제이다. 본 연구는 사회경제적 박탈이 주관적 건강에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 이 관계에서 시민적 낙관의 매개효과를 검증하는것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 서울복지패널 1차년도(2008년) 자료를 활용하여 경로모형 분석을 실시하였다. 인구사회학적 변인을 포함하여 모형을 분석한 결과, 남성보다 여성이, 연령이 높을수록, 교육수준이 낮을수록, 배우자가 없는 집단이, 소득이 적을수록 높은 박탈을 보였으며, 주관적 건강은 여성보다 남성이, 연령이 낮을수록, 교육수준이 높을수록 높은 것으로 나타났다. 시민적 낙관은 박탈이 높고 소득수준이 낮을수록 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 박탈, 시민적 낙관, 주관적 건강간의 관계는 박탈수준이 높을수록주관적 건강수준이 낮아지고 시민적 낙관이 낮아지며, 시민적 낙관은 다시 주관적 건강에 정적 영향을주는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 사회적 박탈이 낙관주의를 매개로 주관적 건강에 영향을 미치는 부분매개효과가 검증되었다. 본 연구결과를 근거로 경제적 불충분이 건강의 불평등으로 이어지는 효과를 경감하고 심리사회적 자원으로서 시민적 낙관의 손상을 예방하기 위해 지역기반의 사회적 안전망을 구축하고, 다차원적 보건정책을 수립 실행해야 함을 제언하였다.
Abstract
Socioeconomic disparities in health can stifle social integration, causing a serious social problem. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of socioeconomic deprivation on subjective health and to investigate the mediating effects of civil optimism on the relationship between socioeconomic deprivation and subjective health. A path analysis was conducted to analyze the data which were derived from Wave I (2008) of the Seoul Welfare Panel Data. The results regarding socio-demographic factors are the following: socioeconomic deprivation is significantly higher among those who are female, older, less educated, living without a spouse, and having lower income;subjective health is higher among those who are male, younger, and more educated. Civil optimism was found to be negatively associated with deprivation but positively with income level. In terms of the relationship between deprivation, civil optimism, and subjective health, deprivation level is reversely linked to subjective health and civil optimism, while the level of civil optimism has positive effects on the level of subjective health. That is, it was verified that civil optimism has a partial mediation effect on the way that social deprivation influences subjective health. Based on these findings, the followings are suggested: the impact of socioeconomic deprivation on health disparities needs to be alleviated; a community-based social safety net should be constructed in order to prevent harming of civil optimism; and multi-dimensional health policies should be implemented.
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