스페인어 행위명사의 체계적 다의성 연구

Abstract

In this paper, the high-frequency action nouns examined were primarily verbal derivatives formed from action verbs through the addition of suffixes such as -ción (or -sión), -a/-o/-e, -miento, -ncia and -ura. However, a few rare instances were also observed in which action verbs were derived from action nouns. From a semantic perspective, systematic polysemy was identified based on the cognitive model of action. This polysemy shows consistent metonymic patterns, varying by action type, as different aspects of the action are foregrounded. While action nouns fundamentally denote actions as processes, they can also refer to the results of completed actions or the products resulting from those actions. Notably, in the case of speech acts, these nouns tend to highlight the linguistic content or the written media in which the act is manifested. In actions involving money or specific tools, the nouns often refer metonymically to the monetary transaction or the instruments used. Furthermore, when elements such as the agent, patient, location, or method of the action are particularly salient, they too may become referents of the action noun. In cases where multiple aspects are simultaneously salient, multiple layers of semantic expansion can be observed. The conclusion drawn from these findings is that the type of semantic extension is more directly influenced by the speaker’s encyclopedic knowledge and experience of specific actions than by the morphological derivation type. In other words, cognitive rather than strictly linguistic factors are the primary drivers of semantic extension.