고강도 복합 트레이닝이 사이클 선수의 체력 및4 km 기록에 미치는 영향
The effects of high-intensity combined training on physical fitness and 4 km record in trained cyclists.
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본 연구의 목적은 고강도 복합 트레이닝이 사이클 선수의 체력 및 4 km 기록에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 대학 및 실업 소속의 우수 사이클 선수 12명을 실험 집단(6명, 19.4±0.89 yr, 65.3±4.65 ㎖/㎏/min) 및 비교 집단(6명, 20.0±1.67 yr, 70.4±3.69 ㎖/㎏/min)으로 구분하여 실험 집단에게는 정규 지구력 트레이닝과 함께 8주 동안 고강도 복합 트레이닝 프로그램(최대근력, 플라이오메트릭, 고강도 인터벌 사이클링 트레이닝)을 적용하였다. 처치 기간 동안 비교 집단은 사이클 운동으로 구성된 정규 지구력 훈련만 수행하고 고강도 복합 트레이닝은 실시하지 않았다. 처치 전・후에 최대근력, 무산소 지구력, 유산소 지구력 관련 변인들을 측정하여 처치 효과를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 최대근력 변인으로 설정한 하프스쿼트와 배근력에서 상호작용 효과가 관찰되었으며, 실험 집단은 각각 12.3%(p=.014), 9.4%(p=.035) 유의하게 증가하였으나 비교 집단은 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 서전트 점프(SJ)와 제자리멀리뛰기(LJ)는 실험집단의 LJ에서만 3.8%(p=.005) 향상되었으며, 비교 집단은 감소 또는 유지하는 경향을 보였다. 무산소 지구력 변인에서는 유일하게 피로지수에서만 상호작용 효과가 관찰되었으며, 실험집단에서만 유의하게 개선된 것으로 나타났다(8%, p=.014). 유산소 지구력 변인에서는 유일하게 부하검사지속시간에서만 비교집단이 사전에 비해 사후 시기에서 유의하게 감소하였다(p=.014). 비록 이 외의 변인들에서 통계적인 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 비교집단과는 달리 실험집단에서 VO2@ AT, P@AT, 경제성, 4 km 사이클 기록 등에서 개선되는 경향이 나타났다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 8주간의 고강도 복합 훈련은 최대근력과 순발력 향상에는 다소 효과가 있으나, 피로지수를 제외한 지구력변인들에는 유의한 효과가 없다고 결론내릴 수 있다. 그러나 본 연구의 한계점이었던 트레이닝 양의 부족, 선수들의 피로 누적, 표본수 부족 등을 고려할 때 체계적인 고강도 복합 트레이닝이 사이클링 경제성과 경기력에 긍정적 효과를 미칠 가능성도 높은 것으로 판단되므로 후속연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity combined training on physical fitness and 4 km record In trained cyclists. Twelve collegiate and industry endurance-trained, male cyclists were randomly assigned to either a high intensity combined training (HICT; n = 6, 19.4±0.89 yr, 65.3±4.65 ㎖/㎏/min) or a control group (CON; n=6, 20.0±1.67 yr, 70.4±3.69 ㎖/㎏/min). Both groups received a training program of 8 weeks. The training program for both groups was the same, but additional training for HICT consisted of maximal strength-training, plyometric training, high intensity interval cycling training, whilst CON received their usual endurance training consisting regular cycle training only. Maximal strength(half squat, back strength), power(surgent jump, long jump), anaerobic capacity(total work, average power, peak power, fatigue index) and aerobic endurance(VO2max, maximal aerobic power, duration time of graded exercise test(GXT), VO2 at anaerobic threshold, power at anaerobic threshold, cycle economy, duration time at maximal aerobic power, 4 km cycle record) were measured before and at the end of the training program (8 weeks). After 8-wk, there were significant increases in half squat (12.3%, p=.014), back strength (9.4%, p=.035), long jump (3.8%, p=.005), fatigue index(8%, p=.014) for HICT but not for CON. In addition, duration time of GXT was significantly decreased in CON(9.7%, p=.014), whereas no changes were observed in HICT. However, there were no significant changes in VO2 at anaerobic threshold(AT), power at AT, cycle economy, and 4 km cycle record in either group (p>.05). In conclusion, the addition of HICT to the programs of already well-trained cyclists improves maximal strength, power, and fatigue index. In addition, when we consider the lack of training volume, fatigue accumulation of cyclists, sample size etc., systematic HICT may have possibly improved the cycling economy and performance in trained cyclists. Therefore, the future study should be conducted in this issue.
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