사이클 우수 단거리선수와 중ㆍ장거리 선수들의 체격 및 근력과 근파워 중심의 체력특성 분석
Comparing physique with physical fitness based on muscle strength and power in short middle, and long-distance elite cyclists
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[목적] 본 연구는 사이클 국가대표 단거리 및 중·장거리 선수들의 체격 및 근력과 파워를 중심으로 한 체력적 특성의 차이를 분석하는데 있었다. [방법] 총 11명의 남자 사이클 국가대표 선수(단거리 5명, 중·장거리 6명)를 대상으로 신장, 체중, 체지방률, 체중대비제지방률, 대퇴부둘레, 허리둘레 등의 체격요인과 무산소성파워, 등속성 각근력과 각근파워, 몸통근력과 몸통파워, 등척성 근력평가와 힘의 발생비율(Rate of Force Development), 1RM대비 강도별 Squat jump를 평가하였다. [결과] 첫째, 신체조성은 사이클 단거리 그룹에서 체중과 BMI에서만 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 무산소성파워 측정에서 사이클 단거리 선수들이 중·장거리 선수들에 비해 최고파워(Peak Power)에서만 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며, 평균파워(Average Power) 에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 등속성 근력 및 근파워 평가에서, 각근력에서는 사이클 단거리 선수들과 중·장거리 선수들 간에 유의한 차이가 없었지만 등속성 몸통 근파워 굴근에서 사이클 단거리 선수들이 중·장거리선수에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 힘의 발생비율 평가(Time to Peak Torque)에서는 선수들 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 다섯째, 스쿼트점프(Squat Jump)에서는 운동강도별 5구간(0%, 30%, 50%, 60%, 80%) 모두 사이클 단거리선수들이 중·장거리 선수에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 속도에서는 0%에서 만 유의한 차이가 나타나고, 나머지 운동강도 에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. [결론] 본 연구의 결과는 국가대표 사이클 선수들의 단거리와 중·장거리 선수들의 종목별 체격 및 체력의 특성의 차이를 분석결과, 단거리 선수들이 체중과 BMI가 상대적으로 높았고(근육량) 최고파워 또한 높았다. 등속성 몸통굴근에서 단거리 선수들이 우수하였고 스쿼트점프 운동강도별 비교에서도 단거리 선수들이 상대적으로 우수하였다. 이러한 자료를 토대로 향후 각 종목 선수들의 효율적인 훈련계획과 평가에 반영하여 선수들의 경기력과 관련 있는 체력요인의 향상을 이끌어 내는 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
[Purpose] This study was conducted to analyze the differences of physical characteristics focused on the physique, strength, and power for cycling national athletes (Sprint cyclists and Road race cyclists). [Methods] We measured various factors (e.g., height, weight, body fat ratio, thigh circumference, waist circumference, anaerobic power, isokinetic muscular strength, muscle power, squat jump by 1RM intensity, and so on) for a total 11 male cycling national athletes (5 Sprint cyclists and 6 Road race cyclists). [Results] First, the body composition showed the significant differences only in weight (p=0.31) and BMI (p=.001) for Sprint cyclists. Second, the values of the anaerobic power for the Sprint cyclists were significantly higher than those for the Road race cyclists only at peak power (p=0.28), whereas there was no significant difference in average power, isokinetic muscular strength, and muscle power between the two groups. Third, the isokinetic trunk flexion muscle (p = .016) for the Sprint cyclists were significantly higher than those for the Road race cyclists. Fourth, the significant difference in Time to Peak Torque was not found between two groups. Fifth, the values for the Sprint cyclists showed the significant difference in all 5 intensity groups (0%, 30%, 50%, 60%, and 80%) (p=.001) of the squat jump. Also, there was a statistically significant difference only in 0% velocity between the two groups, except for exercise intensity. [Conclusions] From the various measures between two groups, the Sprint cyclists relatively showed the high weight, BMI (muscle mass), and maximum power. Additionally, the isokinetic trunk flexion muscle and the squat jump were higher in the Sprint cyclists than the Road race cyclists. These data may be used as basic data to improve the physical fitness factors related to the athletic performance of the athletes by reflecting them in the effective training plan and evaluation of the athletes.
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