트레드밀 운동이 ICV-STZ 처치 흰쥐의 뇌 인슐린 신호전달, 포도당 대사 및 Tau 단백질 과인산화에 미치는 영향
Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Brain Insulin Signaling, Glucose Metabolism and Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin Induced-Memory Impairment in Rats
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 intracerebroventricular(ICV)에 streptozotocin(STZ) 처치로 유도된 알츠하이머 치매 흰쥐를 대상으로 6주간의 트레드밀 운동이 brain insulin signaling, 포도당 대사 및 Tau 단백질 과인산화에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 알츠하이머 질환 동물 모델을 만들기 위해 20주령의 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐의 양쪽 대뇌 뇌실에 STZ(1.5 mg/kg)를 주입하였다. 이들 실험동물은 ICV-Sham(n=6), ICV-STZ CON(n=6), ICV-STZ TE(n=6)로 구분하였다. 트레드밀 운동은 하루에 30분, 주5일, 6주간 실시하였다. 트레드밀 운동 실시 전과 후에 수중미로검사(Water Maze Test)를 실시하였다. ICV-STZ CON 그룹은 ICV-Sham 그룹에 비해 탈출시간과 탈출거리가 유의하게 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 6주간 트레드밀 운동을 실시한 ICV-STZ TE 집단은 ICV-STZ CON 그룹에 비해 탈출시간과 탈출거리가 유의하게 감소된 것으로 나타났다. ICV-STZ CON 그룹의 대뇌 해마에서 Tau 단백질의 과인산화가 증가하고 brain insulin signaling의 활성이 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 트레드밀 운동을 실시한 ICV-STZ TE 집단에서 Tau 단백질의 과인산화가 ICV-STZ CON 그룹에 비해 감소된 것으로 나타났으며 brain insulin signaling 관련 단백질(IR, PI3K, AKT)의 활성은 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Tau 단백질의 주요 kinase인 GSK3β의 인산화는 증가하여 활성이 감소됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 뇌 포도당 수송체인 GLUT1과 GLUT3은 해마에서 모두 발현이 감소되었지만 트레드밀 운동을 통해 포도당 이용효율이 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 트레드밀 운동을 통해 neurofibrillary tangle의 구성요소인 Tau 단백질의 과인산화가 억제되었으며 인지능력이 개선되는 효과를 가져왔다. 즉 신체활동과 같은 유산소 운동은 알츠하이머 질환의 예방과 치료에 효과적인 대안으로 적용될 수 있음을 의미한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of 6-week treadmill exercise on brain insulin signaling, glucose metabolism and hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein in Alzheimer dementia rats induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) treatment of streptozotocin (STZ). To produce Alzheimer animal model, STZ (1.5 mg/kg) was injected in both cerebral ventricles of 20-week Sprague-Dawley rats, which were classified into ICV-Sham, ICV-STZ CON and ICV-STZ TE (treadmill exercise). Treadmill exercises were conducted for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week and for the duration of 6 weeks. Water maze tests were performed before and after the treadmill exercises. Time and distance of escape significantly increased in ICV-STZ CON group compared with those in ICV-Sham group. Nevertheless, time and distance of escape significantly decreased in ICV-STZ TE group with 6-week treadmill exercise compared with those in ICV-STZ CON group. The treatment of ICV-STZ increased hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein and decreased the activity of brain insulin signaling in cerebral hippocampus of rats. Yet, hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein decreased more in ICV-STZ TE group, for which treadmill exercise were administered, than in ICV-STZ CON group while the activity of proteins related to brain insulin signaling (IR, PI3K, AKT) increased. In addition, phosphorylation of GSK3β, a major kinase of Tau protein, increased which resulted in the decrease of activity. Although both GLUT1 and GLUT3, glucose transporters in brain, decreased expression in hippocampus, treadmill exercise increased utilization efficiency of glucose in the brain. Treadmill exercise suppressed hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, a component of neurofibrillary tangle, and resulted in the enhancement of perceptive ability. In conclusion, aerobic exercise can be administered as an effective alternative in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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