폴리에틸렌 미세플라스틱의 임신 마우스 위내투여에 따른 모체 및 신생자 독성평가
Toxicities Demonstrated in Dams and Neonates following Intragastric Intubation of Polyethylene Microplastics to Pregnant Mice
2
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background: Plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter (microplastics) are well-known for causing various toxicities such as lung inflammation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. As microplastics become smaller, they can move across cell membranes, the placenta, and the blood-brain barrier. Objectives: We evaluated the toxicities of polyethylene microplastics (PE-PMs) in dams and neonates through intragastric intubation of pregnant ICR mice. Methods: Low concentrations (0.01 mg/mouse/day) and high concentrations (0.1 mg/mouse/day) of polyethylene microplastics were administered from the ninth day of pregnancy to postnatal day seven. The control group was administered with distilled water. On the day of sacrifice, the weight of dams and neonates and the organ weight of neonates was measured. Further, acetylcholinesterase levels and glutathione peroxidase levels were evaluated by using a blood sample obtained on the sacrifice day. Results: No significant difference in the number of neonates was found, but the body weight gain of dams was seen to be lower in the low-dose group. On the other hand, we observed a consecutively declining trend in the weight gain and organ weight of neonates among the high-, control, and low-dose groups. Meanwhile, the serum acetylcholinesterase and glutathione peroxidase level were higher in the low-dose group compared to the control group. Further, the dose-dependent accumulation of microplastics in the organs of neonates revealed the transport of plastic particles from dams to their offspring. Conclusions: Although the exact mechanism of toxicity caused by microplastics could not be confirmed, it was validated that exposure to microplastics during pregnancy and lactation causes its migration between generations and accumulation throughout the body. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the systemic toxicity of microplastics and assessment of co-morbidities such as second-generation toxicity, neurotoxicity, and depression following long-term exposure.
Abstract
Background: Plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter (microplastics) are well-known for causing various toxicities such as lung inflammation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. As microplastics become smaller, they can move across cell membranes, the placenta, and the blood-brain barrier. Objectives: We evaluated the toxicities of polyethylene microplastics (PE-PMs) in dams and neonates through intragastric intubation of pregnant ICR mice. Methods: Low concentrations (0.01 mg/mouse/day) and high concentrations (0.1 mg/mouse/day) of polyethylene microplastics were administered from the ninth day of pregnancy to postnatal day seven. The control group was administered with distilled water. On the day of sacrifice, the weight of dams and neonates and the organ weight of neonates was measured. Further, acetylcholinesterase levels and glutathione peroxidase levels were evaluated by using a blood sample obtained on the sacrifice day. Results: No significant difference in the number of neonates was found, but the body weight gain of dams was seen to be lower in the low-dose group. On the other hand, we observed a consecutively declining trend in the weight gain and organ weight of neonates among the high-, control, and low-dose groups. Meanwhile, the serum acetylcholinesterase and glutathione peroxidase level were higher in the low-dose group compared to the control group. Further, the dose-dependent accumulation of microplastics in the organs of neonates revealed the transport of plastic particles from dams to their offspring. Conclusions: Although the exact mechanism of toxicity caused by microplastics could not be confirmed, it was validated that exposure to microplastics during pregnancy and lactation causes its migration between generations and accumulation throughout the body. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the systemic toxicity of microplastics and assessment of co-morbidities such as second-generation toxicity, neurotoxicity, and depression following long-term exposure.
참고문헌 (31)
- Abbasi S, "Distribution and potential health impacts of microplastics and microrubbers in air and street dusts from Asaluyeh County, Iran", Environ Pollut, 244, pp.153~164 (2019)
- Dris R, "Synthetic fibers in atmospheric fallout: a source of microplastics in the environment?", Mar Pollut Bull, 104(1-2), pp.290~293 (2016)
- Woodall LC, "Using a forensic science approach to minimize environmental contamination and to identify microfibres in marine sediments", Mar Pollut Bull, 95(1), pp.40~46 (2015)
- Napper IE, "Characterisation, quantity and sorptive properties of microplastics extracted from cosmetics", Mar Pollut Bull, 99(1-2), pp.178~185 (2015)
- Huerta Lwanga E, "Microplastics in the terrestrial ecosystem : implications for lumbricus terrestris(Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)", Environ Sci Technol, 50(5), pp.2685~2691 (2016)
- Anbumani S, "Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on biota : a review", Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 25(15), pp.14373~14396 (2018)
- Wright SL, "Plastic and human health: a micro issue?", Environ Sci Technol, 51(12), pp.6634~6647 (2017)
- Gasperi J, "Microplastics in air: are we breathing it in?", Curr Opin Environ Sci Health, 1, pp.1~5 (2018)
- von Moos N, "Uptake and effects of microplastics on cells and tissue of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis L. after an experimental exposure", Environ Sci Technol, 46(20), pp.11327~11335 (2012)
- Mak CW, "Acute toxic effects of polyethylene microplastic on adult zebrafish", Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 182, pp.109442~ (2019)
- Amereh F, "The emerging risk of exposure to nano(micro)plastics on endocrine disturbance and reproductive toxicity : from a hypothetical scenario to a global public health challenge", Environ Pollut, 261, pp.114158~ (2020)
- Xie X, "Exposure to polystyrene microplastics causes reproductive toxicity through oxidative stress and activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway", Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 190, pp.110133~ (2020)
- Schirinzi GF, "Cytotoxic effects of commonly used nanomaterials and microplastics on cerebral and epithelial human cells", Environ Res, 159, pp.579~587 (2017)
- Barboza LGA, "Microplastics cause neurotoxicity, oxidative damage and energy-related changes and interact with the bioaccumulation of mercury in the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax(Linnaeus, 1758)", Aquat Toxicol, 195, pp.49~57 (2018)
- Yang W, "The combined toxicity influence of microplastics and nonylphenol on microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa", Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 195, pp.110484~ (2020)
- Digka N, "Microplastics in mussels and fish from the Northern Ionian Sea", Mar Pollut Bull, 135, pp.30~40 (2018)
- Watts AJ, "Uptake and retention of microplastics by the shore crab Carcinus maenas", Environ Sci Technol, 48(15), pp.8823~8830 (2014)
- Luo T, "Maternal polystyrene microplastic exposure during gestation and lactation altered metabolic homeostasis in the dams and their F1 and F2 offspring", Environ Sci Technol, 53(18), pp.10978~10992 (2019)
- Park TJ, "Occurrence of microplastics in the Han River and riverine fish in South Korea", Sci Total Environ, 708, pp.134535~ (2020)
- Deng Y, "Tissue accumulation of microplastics in mice and biomarker responses suggest widespread health risks of exposure", Sci Rep, 7, pp.46687~ (2017)
- Han YoungHoon, "No prominent toxicity of polyethylene microplastics observed in neonatal mice following intratracheal instillation to dams during gestational and neonatal period", 한국독성학회지, 37(4), pp.443~450 (2021), 한국독성학회[DOI]
- Sussarellu R, "Oyster reproduction is affected by exposure to polystyrene microplastics", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 113(9), pp.2430~2435 (2016)
- 이윤범, "실험동물 랫드를 이용한 미세먼지 기도노출에 따른 호흡기계 독성에 대한 마늘의 예방효과 탐색", 한국환경보건학회지, 46(6), pp.667~675 (2020), 한국환경보건학회
- Guerrera MC, "Micro and nano plastics distribution in fish as model organisms:histopathology, blood response and bioaccumulation in different organs", Appl Sci, 11(13), pp.5768~ (2021)
- Park EJ, "Repeated-oral dose toxicity of polyethylene microplastics and the possible implications on reproduction and development of the next generation", Toxicol Lett, 324, pp.75~85 (2020)
- Durieux ED, "Natural factors to consider when using acetylcholinesterase activity as neurotoxicity biomarker in Young-Of-Year striped bass(Morone saxatilis)", Fish Physiol Biochem, 37(1), pp.21~29 (2011)
- Barboza LGA, "Microplastics in wild fish from North East Atlantic Ocean and its potential for causing neurotoxic effects, lipid oxidative damage, and human health risks associated with ingestion exposure", Sci Total Environ, 717, pp.134625~ (2020)
- Prüst M, "The plastic brain : neurotoxicity of micro-and nanoplastics", Part Fibre Toxicol, 17(1), pp.24~ (2020)
- Rotruck JT, "Selenium : biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase", Science, 179(4073), pp.588~590 (1973)
- Tiwari SC, "Serum acetylcholinesterase activity in psychiatric patients", Indian J Psychiatry, 24(3), pp.291~294 (1982)
- Yong CQY, "Toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics in mammalian systems", Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(5), pp.1509~ (2020)