Post-2020 기후변화체제의 ‘공동의 그러나 차별화된 책임’에 관한 연구 ― 국제법적 분석과 최근 ADP 협상 동향을 중심으로 ―
‘Common But Differentiated Responsibilities’ under the Post-2020 Climate Change Regime - Focused on the Analysis from International Law Perspective and a Review on Recent ADP Negotiations -
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유엔기후변화협약의 “공동의 그러나 차별화된 책임”(Common But Differentiated Responsibilities: CBDR) 원칙은 국제기후변화협상에서 핵심적인 개념이 되어 왔다. 현재 진행 중인 Post-2020 신기후변화체제 수립을 위한 ADP협상에서도 개발도상국들은 CBDR에 따라 ‘선진국/개발도상국’의 이분법적인 국가분류체제가 그대로 유지되어야 하고 그에 따라 의무의 차별화가 이루어질 것을 주장하고 있다. 반면 미국 등 선진국들은 ‘모든’ 당사국들이 하나의 틀에서 의무를 부담하되 구체적 의무에 있어 동태적 개념의 CBDR이 반영될 수 있음을 주장하고 있다. 이러한 배경에서, 본고에서는 첫째, 국제기후변화체제에서 CBDR이 가지는 규범적 의미와 법적 지위, 연혁, CBDR이 개념화되고 해석되는 방식에 관해 논의하고, 둘째, 동 개념이 UNFCCC와 교토의정서에서 어떠한 방식으로 발현되어 있는지에 관해 설명한다. 그리고 마지막으로, 현재 ADP협상에서의 논의동향과 당사국들이 주장하는 CBDR의 개념을 살펴보고, 동 원칙이 감축 등 협상의 주요 쟁점별로 어떻게 반영되고 있는지를 살펴본다.
Abstract
Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and international negotiations thereunder, the principle of “Common But Differentiated Responsibilities”(CBDR) has long been a pivotal concept for differentiation between developed and developing countries. In particular, under the ongoing ADP negotiations which aim to develop a 2015 Agreement which will be applied from the Post-2020 period and onwards, developing countries are still arguing for differentiation based on fixed categories of states which distinguish between developed and developing countries. On the contrary, many developed countries including the United States strongly resist against such categorization under a new climate change regime, arguing that ‘all’ Parties should be subject to one single legal framework as a whole and the evolving concept of CBDR can only be reflected upon in context of each specific obligations. Against this backdrop, in this paper the authors firstly examine the normative meaning, legal status, and negotiating history of CBDR; secondly, shed light on relevant provisions under UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol, and bifurcated state categorization thereunder; lastly, analyze Party submissions to, and recent discussion under, the ADP negotiations and discuss how CBDR can eventually be embodied and reflected upon under the 2015 Agreement for each major ‘pillars’ including mitigation and adaptation.
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