나노생명공학에 대한 윤리적 고찰
An Ethical Inquiry Into the Nanobiotechnology Focusing on the Moral Problems of a Nano-Based Medicine
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나노(생명)공학기술은 21세기 기반기술이며 핵심기술로 인정받는다. ‘새로운 가능성을 열어주는 기술’로서 나노공학기술은 생명공학, 정보통신기술, 인지(신경)과학과의 융합을 통해서 새로운 과학기술적 가능성을 보여준다. 우리의 나노(생명)공학기술에 대한 경제적 관심과 낙관적 미래전망에 비교하였을 때, 우리의 나노(생명)공학기술에 대한 윤리적 고찰은 미미한 실정이다. 이런 맥락에서, 본 연구자는 나노공학기술과 윤리학의 동반연구를 요청하였다. 나노생명공학기술이 응용된 나노의학은 새로운 의학적 진단과 치료의 가능성을 열어줄 뿐만 아니라, 인간의 능력을 향상시키는 것을 가능하게 만들어 줄 것이다. 그러나 우리는 나노의학기술들이 가져올 수 있는 프라이버시의 침해, 인간의 자아정체성의 상실, 자율성의 제한, 자유주의적 우생학의 도래, 인간이후의 종의 탄생, 사회적 불평등의 심화 등의 인간학적, 윤리학적 문제들을 간과할 수 없다. 그러므로 나노생명공학기술에 의해 발전된 새로운 의학적 가능성들에 대한 윤리적 고찰과 도덕적 가치평가는 오늘날 더욱 요청된다. 그리고 본 연구자는 나노생명공학기술이 제기하는 윤리적 문제들을 해결하기 위해서는 정보윤리학, 생명윤리학, 의료윤리학, 기술윤리학, 철학적 인간학 등이 연계된 ‘학제적 윤리학’이 필요하다는 사실을 지적하였다.
Abstract
An Ethical Inquiry Into the Nanobiotechnology Focusing on the Moral Problems of a Nano-Based MedicineNano(bio)technology is the basic technology and the core technology of the present century. Nano(bio)technology as an enabling technology opens up new scientific and technical possibilities by the cooperation with biotechnology, information technology and cognitive sciences. While we are very interested in the economic impact of nanobiotechnology and in an optimistic image of the future, we are indifferent to the moral problems of nanobiotechnology. For this reason, I suggest that we have to close the gap between technology and ethics of nanobiotechnology. Nano-based medicine opens up new perspectives in medical analysis and therapy, and new ways to enhance human capabilities. However, we worry that the desire to become better could deform elements of human life. We worry about unjustifiable violations of individual privacy, confused personal identity, diminished autonomy, the coming of liberal eugenics, the coming of a posthuman species and increasing inequality in our society. Therefore, we have to examine the new possibilities of nano-based medicine from a moral point of view. I suggest that we need interdisciplinary ethics by the cooperation with information ethics, bioethics, medical ethics, technical ethics and philosophical anthropology in order to solve moral problems of nanobiotechnology and nano-based medicine.
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