나노기술이 던지는 새로운 철학적 문제들에 대한 고찰
New Philosophical Issues of Nanotechnology
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나노기술은 기본적으로 다음과 같은 두 가지 능력을 특별히 지니고 있다. 하나는 세포 보다 훨씬 작은 미세한 분자 수준에서도 기계적인 조작을 수행할 수 있다. 다른 하나는 이러한 조작을 통해 새로운 특성을 지닌 나노물질들은 물론 새로운 기능성을 지닌 특정한 구조의 신물질들을 제조해 낼 수 있다. 이러한 능력으로 인해 나노기술은 생명체, 자연, 기술을 바라보는 새로운 형이상학적 관점과 자연적 존재자와 인공적 존재자의 구분에 관한 새로운 존재론적 문제를 비롯하여, 나노세계에 대한 경험적 증거로서의 나노 이미지가 지니는 인식적 특성과 역할에 대한 문제제기, 그리고 나노기술이 인체 및 환경에 가하는 위험으로부터 발생되는 안전 관련 윤리적인 문제들에 이르기까지 기존의 철학적 사유에 새로운 활기를 불어 넣어 주고 있다. 이 논문에서는 나노기술의 발전이 새롭게 던져주고 있는 철학의 문제들, 곧 존재론적·인식론적 문제들 그리고 윤리적 문제들을 구체적으로 살펴봄으로써, 첨단 과학기술의 발달로 철학적 성찰에도 어떤 변화가 요청되는지를 짚어보고자 한다.
Abstract
Nanotechnology has two special capacities. One is to operate mechanically in the lower scale rather than molecular levels. Another is to produce or create new materials with new properties or special functions through the operation. Owing to these capacities, nanotechnology throws some philosophical issues on us, that is, metaphysical viewpoint of a life, nature and technology itself and ontological problems such as the distinction between natural entities and artificial entities. Futhermore following issues are controversial such as whether nano-images of nano-world are relevant as an empirical evidence or not and what are the epistemic characteristics and roles of nano-images. And also some ethical issues with respect to the risk or hazard of nano-particles influencing on human beings and environment are newly occurring. These issues are expected to result in fresh thinking positively in the area of philosophy. In this paper I would like to search and examine the new philosophical issues, that is, ontological, epistemological and ethical ones which is required in response to the development of nanotechnology nowadays.
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