Towards Perpetual Peace: Kant and Rawls
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In 1795, Kant, as a philosopher who never left his hometown published the famous Perpetual Peace which is about the future of all human beings. What dazzled us in the short article are not the concrete strategies for ending war, but the philosophical principles on which a just and lasting world peace can be based. It is this kind of philosophical sketch for perpetual peace that influences us descendants so much. Two hundred years later, Rawls finished The Law of Peoples, in which he expresses the same hope and belief with Kant: perpetual peace for human beings. Rawls himself also indicates that his thought on the principle of the Law of Peoples is based on Kant’s ideal on the world federation. However, after reading the two books, I find that Rawls does not follow the train of Kantian thought in the Perpetual Peace as he claims. In order to support this idea, firstly, I refer to Kantian cosmopolitanism which in my opinion is the original mode of all kinds of theories on contemporary global justice. In the second part, I speak of Rawls’s theory on global justice in The Law of Peoples which is in fact describing a hierarchy of different communities and states for us. In the third and fourth parts, I argue that Kantian thought is not only more theoretically far-reaching but also practically viable than Rawls’s by comparing them from the basis of their theories.
Abstract
In 1795, Kant, as a philosopher who never left his hometown published the famous Perpetual Peace which is about the future of all human beings. What dazzled us in the short article are not the concrete strategies for ending war, but the philosophical principles on which a just and lasting world peace can be based. It is this kind of philosophical sketch for perpetual peace that influences us descendants so much. Two hundred years later, Rawls finished The Law of Peoples, in which he expresses the same hope and belief with Kant: perpetual peace for human beings. Rawls himself also indicates that his thought on the principle of the Law of Peoples is based on Kant’s ideal on the world federation. However, after reading the two books, I find that Rawls does not follow the train of Kantian thought in the Perpetual Peace as he claims. In order to support this idea, firstly, I refer to Kantian cosmopolitanism which in my opinion is the original mode of all kinds of theories on contemporary global justice. In the second part, I speak of Rawls’s theory on global justice in The Law of Peoples which is in fact describing a hierarchy of different communities and states for us. In the third and fourth parts, I argue that Kantian thought is not only more theoretically far-reaching but also practically viable than Rawls’s by comparing them from the basis of their theories.
참고문헌 (10)
- Mary Gregor, "Kant. Critique of Practical Reason" (1999), Cambridge University Press
- H. S. Reiss, "Kant. Political Writings." (1991), Cambridge University Press
- Rawls, John, "The Law of Peoples" (1999), Harvard University Press
- "The Social Contract"[URL]
- Beitz, Charles, "Cosmopolitan Ideal and National Sentiment", The Journal of Philosophy, 80 (1983)
- Kleingeld, Pauline, "Approaching Perpetual Peace: Kant’s Defence of a League of States and his Ideal of a world federation", European Journal of Philosophy, 12(3) (2004)
- Kleigeld, Pauline, "Kant, History, and the Idea of Moral Development", History of Philosophy Quarterly, 16(1) (1999)
- McCarthy, Thomas, "On the Idea of a Reasonable Law of Peoples, In Perpetual Peace: Essays on Kant’s Cosmopolitan Ideal" (1997), The MIT Press
- Pogge, Thomas, "An Egalitarian Law of Peoples", Philosophy and Public Affairs, 23(3) (1994)
- Rawls, John, "Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical", Philosophy and Public Affairs, 14(13) (1985)